Estimating the Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders among At-Risk Drivers

估计高危驾驶员中酒精使用障碍的患病率

• 批准号: 7279982
• 负责人: Debra M. Furr-Holden
• 金额: $ 26.54万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7279982
• 关键词: Address; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcohols; Appendix; Attention; Automobile Driving; Blood alcohol level measurement; Breath Tests; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic; Collection; Consumption; Contracts; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Analyses; Dependence; Dependency; Destinations; Drug usage; Elements; Evaluation Research; Federal Government; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Health; Heavy Drinking; Incidence; Industry; Injury; Institutes; Insurance; Intercept; Interview; Invasive; Laws; Light; Liquid substance; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Numbers; Oral; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Policies; Population; Preparation; Prevalence; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Principal Investigator; Probability Samples; Protocols documentation; Questionnaires; Rate; Reading; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Safety; Saliva; Sampling; Schedule; Screening procedure; Severities; Signal Transduction; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Work; alcohol use disorder; binge drinking; demographics; disability; drinking; driving under influence; insight; offender; problem drinker; programs; response; service intervention; social; tool; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to implement a brief screen for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among the approximate 6,000 participants in the upcoming 2006 National Highway Safety and Traffic Administration (NHSTA) National Roadside Survey (NRS). There is a body of evidence that purports heavy and problem drinkers are overrepresented in the population of DUI offenders and pose a significant threat to highway and traffic safety. A brief AUD screener validated as rapid roadside assessment of AUDs is proposed for inclusion in the upcoming NRS. This project will clarify the extent to which drivers in general, and more specifically drivers with elevated blood alcohol contents as measured by standardized breath tests have current alcohol problems. If successful, this screen will aid policymakers in determining appropriate intervention services for DUI offenders as well as correlate cross-sectional BAG readings with varying types of pathological alcohol use, namely binge drinking, heavy drinking, and alcohol abuse and dependence (potential signals for unmet treatment need). The alcohol screen proposed for use in this large roadside survey is grounded in existing evidence derived from and exploratory program where the screener was refined, piloted and validated as a rapid roadside screening tool. The measurement constructs to be employed are the consumption subscale of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS). This work is divided into three distinct phases. Phase 1 entails preparation for the 6,000 case fielding of the NRS. Phase 2 is the fielding of the NRS Program and Phase 3 is dedicated to analysis of data and dissemination of findings. The specific aims of this work are: Aim 1: To assess the extent to which persons with alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) are present in the nighttime weekend driving population, the period of greatest risk for alcohol-related crash fatalities. Aim 2; To conduct an assessment of the relationship between cross-sectional BAG and active AUD status, including adjustment for active other drug use. Aim 3: To identify characteristics of nighttime weekend drivers that signal unmet treatment need for drug- and alcohol-related prevention or intervention services. Health significance: The significance of this work is best viewed in light of the substantial societal resources being allocated to address the perceived risk posed by AUD drivers who are believed to be chronic DUI offenders as evidenced by the passage of state laws. This nationwide probability sample will enable national prevalence estimates of the extent to which persons with AUDs are represented in the most at-risk for crash, injury and death driving and passenger population.

说明（由申请人提供）：本提案旨在对即将进行的 2006 年国家公路安全和交通管理局 (NHSTA) 全国路边调查 (NRS) 的大约 6,000 名参与者进行酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 的简要筛查。有大量证据表明，酗酒者和有问题的饮酒者在酒后驾车犯罪者中所占比例过高，并对高速公路和交通安全构成重大威胁。建议将一个简短的 AUD 筛选器验证为 AUD 的快速路边评估，并将其纳入即将推出的 NRS 中。该项目将阐明一般驾驶员，更具体地说，通过标准化呼气测试测量血液酒精含量升高的驾驶员目前存在酒精问题的程度。如果成功，该屏幕将帮助政策制定者确定对酒后驾车罪犯的适当干预服务，并将横截面 BAG 读数与不同类型的病理性饮酒相关联，即酗酒、大量饮酒、酒精滥用和依赖（未满足的潜在信号）治疗需要）。拟议在这项大型路边调查中使用的酒精筛查是基于从探索性计划中获得的现有证据，在该计划中，筛查仪作为一种快速路边筛查工具进行了改进、试点和验证。所采用的测量结构是酒精使用障碍识别测试 (AUDIT) 和酒精使用障碍及相关残疾访谈计划 (AUDADIS) 的消费子量表。这项工作分为三个不同的阶段。第一阶段需要为 NRS 的 6,000 个案例部署做好准备。第二阶段是 NRS 计划的部署，第三阶段致力于数据分析和研究结果的传播。这项工作的具体目标是： 目标 1：评估周末夜间驾驶人群中酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 患者的存在程度，这是与酒精相关的车祸死亡风险最大的时期。目标2；对横截面 BAG 和活跃 AUD 状态之间的关系进行评估，包括调整活跃的其他药物使用。目标 3：确定夜间周末司机的特征，这些特征表明与毒品和酒精相关的预防或干预服务的治疗需求未得到满足。健康意义：这项工作的意义最好从分配大量社会资源来解决 AUD 司机所带来的风险来看，这些司机被认为是长期酒后驾车罪犯，州法律的通过证明了这一点。这一全国范围的概率样本将有助于估计全国范围内患有 AUD 的人在碰撞、受伤和死亡驾驶和乘客人群中所占比例的程度。