Identification, Sign, Fantasy : Unsettling the Greek Romantic Body through Psychoanalytic Theory

认同、符号、幻想：通过精神分析理论扰乱希腊浪漫主义身体

• 批准号: 2877486
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2877486
• 关键词: Identification; Sign; Fantasy; Unsettling; Greek

This project attempts to answer a series of questions on the problem of bodies-especially gendered bodies-which a reading of the Greek romances might pose, but which have not yet been properly answered. First, if the acquisition of a body can be understood through the Lacanian perspective of imaginary identifications (Butler 1993), what happens to those disjunctions and horrors which such identifications might engender (Lacan 1966)? Daphnis and Chloe pairs a gradual discovery of the body through identifications (Alvares 2012) with terrifying tales of bodily metamorphosis, and the Lacanian perspective allows us to explore the connection between the two. Secondly, can the body be understood on the model of the Lacanian sign, which not only signifies but participates in a wider unpredictable and preexisting network of signs? In the digressive and ecphrastic texts of the romances, bodies are metaphorically substituted for one another, or signified by other corporeally described objects, to which they in turn point back. What happens to the body in each substitution, and how might the uncontrollable aspect of this network again relate to the horrors of the body? Finally, how can a relation of the body as fantasy (motivated by absence) coincide with embodiment? This project aims to disrupt a stable conception of the body, by exploring alternative models by which the body (in the romances and in general) can be understood. Locating these transformative models in the seemingly normative sphere of the romances provides additional perspectives on the disruptive within the normative. In order to reimagine the romances as sites for radical reformulation of our understanding of the body, psychoanalysis provides a particularly useful starting point. Within a narrative framework, the body can only be approached as part of the narrative, and thus becomes temporalised. Hence psychoanalysis' focus on the uncertainties of development will be employed, and complemented by perspectives from queer theory (Stockton 2009; Salamon 2010; Halberstam 2011). Since the narrative writing-into-being of the body is anything but simple, psychoanalytic concepts of the unsymbolised Real, abjection (Kristeva 1982), and the unconscious of the text (Zeitlin 2012) are additionally useful. The wave of 90's scholarship, inspired by Foucault (1984) in which the romances are viewed either as enforcing a new normativity (Winkler 1990; Konstan 1993; Perkins 1995) or as ironising normative discourses (Goldhill 1995) still exert a strong influence on the scholarship of the genre (Haynes 2002; Morgan 2003; Montiglio 2012; Alvares 2014). Both perspectives, however, fail to take into account the instability of the gendered body as it comes into being narratively. If we resist closure as governing meaning (Whitmarsh 2011), we see that the basis of normativity is being unsettled, in more than ironic ways. Hence, notions of simple enforcement can no longer stand. In dialogue with psychoanalytic concepts (Fink 1995), this project attempts a closer reading of the body in the romances, an approach which will prove both more faithful to the texts, and more transformative in our time.

该项目试图回答一系列关于身体问题，特别是性别身体问题，这些问题是阅读希腊浪漫故事时可能提出的，但尚未得到正确回答。首先，如果身体的获得可以通过拉康的想象认同视角来理解（巴特勒，1993），那么这种认同可能产生的那些分裂和恐怖会发生什么（拉康，1966）？达夫尼斯和克洛伊将通过识别逐渐发现身体（阿尔瓦雷斯 2012）与身体变形的可怕故事结合起来，拉康的观点使我们能够探索两者之间的联系。其次，身体是否可以按照拉康符号的模型来理解，它不仅表示而且参与更广泛的不可预测和预先存在的符号网络？在浪漫主义的离题和通俗文本中，身体被隐喻地相互替代，或者由其他有形描述的物体来表示，而它们又反过来指向这些物体。每次替换中身体会发生什么，这个网络的不可控方面又如何与身体的恐怖联系起来？最后，身体作为幻想（由缺席引发）的关系如何与具体化相一致？该项目旨在通过探索可以理解身体（在浪漫故事中和一般情况下）的替代模型，从而破坏对身体的稳定概念。将这些变革性模型置于看似规范的浪漫领域中，为规范规范中的破坏性提供了额外的视角。为了将浪漫故事重新想象为彻底重新表述我们对身体的理解的场所，精神分析提供了一个特别有用的起点。在叙事框架内，身体只能作为叙事的一部分来对待，从而变得暂时化。因此，精神分析将重点关注发展的不确定性，并辅以酷儿理论的观点（Stockton 2009；Salamon 2010；Halberstam 2011）。由于身体的叙事写入绝非简单，因此精神分析的非象征性真实、卑鄙概念（Kristeva 1982）和文本无意识（Zeitlin 2012）也很有用。受福柯（Foucault，1984）启发的 90 年代的学术浪潮，其中浪漫主义被视为要么强化新的规范性（Winkler 1990；Konstan 1993；Perkins 1995），要么被视为讽刺规范话语（Goldhill 1995），仍然对该流派的奖学金（Haynes 2002；Morgan 2003；Montiglio 2012；阿尔瓦雷斯 2014）。然而，这两种观点都没有考虑到性别身体在叙事中形成时的不稳定性。如果我们抵制封闭作为主导意义（Whitmarsh 2011），我们就会看到规范性的基础正在以一种不仅仅是讽刺的方式不稳定。因此，简单执行的观念不再成立。在与精神分析概念的对话中（Fink 1995），该项目尝试对浪漫故事中的身体进行更仔细的解读，这种方法将证明更加忠实于文本，并且在我们这个时代更具变革性。