Molecular Genetics of Olfaction in Drosophila

果蝇嗅觉的分子遗传学

• 批准号: 6988304
• 负责人: Robert R. H Anholt
• 金额: $ 3.88万
• 依托单位: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6988304
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; South America; age difference; animal ecology; animal population genetics; arthropod genetics; behavioral genetics; biochemical evolution; ethology; gene environment interaction; genetic polymorphism; larva; mature animal; molecular genetics; neurogenetics; olfactions; phenotype

This is a revised application for collaborative research under the Fogarty International Program. The aim of the parent grant is to investigate the genetic architecture of odor-guided behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, a behavior which is essential for survival and reproduction. When assessing the genetic basis of any complex trait, it is important to distinguish genes that contribute to manifestation of the trait and a subset of these genes that contribute to naturally occurring phenotypic variation of the trait, as the latter harbor polymorphisms that serve as the substrate for evolution. The specific aims of the parent grant focus entirely on adult flies, i.e. the reproductive phase of the life cycle. The present Fogarty application proposes to identify novel genes that contribute to larval odor-guided behavior and to assess which of these genes may contribute to phenotypic plasticity in natural populations. The specific aims of this Fogarty proposal are: (1) Identification of genes that contribute to odor-guided behavior in Drosophila melanogaster larvae; and, (2) Identification of those genes, identified in Specific Aim 1, that contribute to phenotypic variation for larval olfactory behavior in natural populations and form the substrate for adaptive evolution. Co-isogenic P- element insertion lines will be screened to identify genes that affect olfactory behavior in larvae, and candidate genes responsible for larval smell impairment will be compared to those that affect odor-guided behavior in adult flies identified earlier from a screen of the same P-element insertion lines. Individual chromosomes from eight diverse natural populations of D. melanogaster from Argentina will be substituted into an isogenic background and quantitative complementation tests will be performed to assess for up to 12 larval genes identified in Specific Aim 1 whether these genes contribute to natural variation in olfactory behavior. The proposed approach will significantly extend the parent grant and is innovative in that it combines quantitative genetic strategies directly with molecular ecology in the context of chemosensation.

这是福格蒂国际计划下合作研究的修订申请。家长资助的目的是研究果蝇气味引导行为的遗传结构，这种行为对于生存和繁殖至关重要。在评估任何复杂性状的遗传基础时，区分有助于该性状表现的基因和有助于该性状自然发生的表型变异的基因子集非常重要，因为后者具有作为底物的多态性为了进化。亲本资助的具体目标完全集中于成年果蝇，即生命周期的繁殖阶段。目前福格蒂的申请建议鉴定有助于幼虫气味引导行为的新基因，并评估这些基因中哪些可能有助于自然群体的表型可塑性。 Fogarty 提案的具体目标是：（1）鉴定有助于果蝇幼虫气味引导行为的基因； (2) 鉴定特定目标 1 中鉴定的那些基因，这些基因有助于自然种群中幼虫嗅觉行为的表型变异，并形成适应性进化的基础。将筛选同基因 P 元件插入系，以鉴定影响幼虫嗅觉行为的基因，并将导致幼虫嗅觉障碍的候选基因与之前从筛选中鉴定的影响成年果蝇气味引导行为的基因进行比较。相同的 P 元素插入线。来自阿根廷的 8 个不同自然黑腹果蝇种群的个体染色体将被替换为同基因背景，并进行定量互补测试，以评估特定目标 1 中鉴定的多达 12 个幼虫基因，这些基因是否有助于嗅觉行为的自然变异。所提出的方法将显着增加母公司的资助，并且具有创新性，因为它将定量遗传策略直接与化学传感背景下的分子生态学相结合。