Rapid Assessment of Drug Law & Policy in the FSU & CEE

毒品法的快速评估

• 批准号: 7121411
• 负责人: ZITA LAZZARINI
• 金额: $ 16.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7121411
• 关键词: AIDS education /prevention; Commonwealth of Independent States; HIV infections; Poland; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; community health services; data collection methodology /evaluation; disease /disorder prevention /control; disease outbreaks; drug controls; emerging infectious disease; health care personnel; health care policy; health related legal; health services research tag; human subject; information dissemination; international cooperation; interview; intravenous drug abuse; police; substance abuse related behavior; training

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): NIDA science-based guidelines recommend comprehensive, community-driven interventions to prevent HIV among IDUs. This study uses a new rapid policy assessment and response (RPAR) process to respond to legal structural barriers to HIV prevention among injection drug users (IDUs) in Central and Eastern Europe. The RPAR builds on the World Health Organization's rapid assessment and response process, by integrating into it legal and policy research with a focus on the implementation of law and policy as factors structuring the health risks of IDUs. The proposal also includes a cross-national study of the implementation of the RPAR in Ukraine, Poland and Russia in order to examine how structural barriers operate under a variety of contrasting conditions - epidemic, economic, and political/legal. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to use the RPAR to document laws and law enforcement practices in the three countries; 2) to build the capacity of local lawyers, social science researchers and public health personnel to collect and use data on laws, policies, and practices to foster solutions to community health problems; 3) to evaluate the RPAR as a means of collecting data and training local researchers; and 4) to disseminate the research results. The planned research will achieve these aims by using RPAR to: collect existing legal, criminal justice and epidemiological data; develop a community advisory board and process; conduct focus groups (N=90 individuals); identify and interview key informants (N=120); summarize and analyze the quantitative and qualitative data produced; prioritize policy and practice responses with the community advisory board; and disseminate the results. Implementation of the RPAR will be evaluated using process measures to measure: 1) local research and production of the research product; 2) local community engagement in policy and practice change; and 3) progress towards changes in policies or law enforcement practices with the potential to slow the epidemic. The larger three-country analysis will use qualitative methods to conduct a comparative analysis to identify ways in which law and legal practices are structural mediators of and influence regional HIV risks and community intervention capacity.

描述（由申请人提供）：NIDA 基于科学的指南建议采取全面的、社区驱动的干预措施来预防注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒。本研究采用新的快速政策评估和响应 (RPAR) 流程来应对中欧和东欧注射吸毒者 (IDU) 预防艾滋病毒的法律结构性障碍。 RPAR 以世界卫生组织的快速评估和响应流程为基础，将法律和政策研究纳入其中，重点关注法律和政策的实施，将其作为构成注射吸毒者健康风险的因素。该提案还包括对乌克兰、波兰和俄罗斯实施 RPAR 的跨国研究，以研究结构性障碍在各种对比条件下（流行病、经济和政治/法律）如何运作。该项目的具体目标是： 1) 使用 RPAR 记录这三个国家的法律和执法实践； 2) 建设当地律师、​​社会科学研究人员和公共卫生人员收集和使用法律、政策和实践数据的能力，以促进解决社区健康问题； 3) 评估 RPAR 作为收集数据和培训当地研究人员的手段； 4）传播研究成果。计划中的研究将通过使用 RPAR 来实现这些目标： 收集现有的法律、刑事司法和流行病学数据；建立社区咨询委员会和流程；开展焦点小组（N=90 人）；识别并采访关键信息提供者（N=120）；总结和分析产生的定量和定性数据；与社区咨询委员会一起确定政策和实践应对措施的优先顺序；并传播结果。 RPAR 的实施将使用流程措施进行评估，以衡量： 1) 研究产品的本地研究和生产； 2) 当地社区参与政策和实践变革； 3）在政策或执法实践的改变方面取得进展，有可能减缓疫情。更大规模的三个国家分析将使用定性方法进行比较分析，以确定法律和法律实践如何作为结构性中介因素并影响区域艾滋病毒风险和社区干预能力。