HIV Risk Reduction Predictors in Russian Social Networks

俄罗斯社交网络中的艾滋病毒风险降低预测因素

• 批准号: 7140576
• 负责人: Yuri A Amirkhanian
• 金额: $ 15.29万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-26 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7140576
• 关键词: AIDS education /prevention; Commonwealth of Independent States; HIV infections; behavior modification; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral medicine; clinical research; clinical trials; community health services; data collection methodology /evaluation; focus groups; health services research tag; high risk behavior /lifestyle; homosexuals; human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; leadership; outcomes research; sex behavior; sex partner; social status; social support network; sociometry

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): HIV prevention outcome trials are designed primarily to test the efficacy of an intervention but frequently leave unanswered many important theoretical and practical questions about the processes through which the intervention produces behavior change effects, the mechanisms by which the intervention works, for whom it works best, and how risk reduction behavior changes were made and how they positively or negatively influence participants' relationships. An NIMH-supported randomized trial, now underway in Eastern Europe, is evaluating the outcomes of an HIV prevention intervention that recruits high-risk social networks in community venues, and identifies and trains the leader of each social network to counsel other network members in risk reduction. Preliminary analyses already show that the intervention is producing large sexual risk reduction effects. The research proposed in this application consists of one quantitative and two qualitative studies that will explore the model's mechanisms and underpinnings with a sample of 68 networks that are participating in the intervention trial in St. Petersburg, Russia. The quantitative study will collect additional data to analyze how intervention effects may depend upon social network density, temporal stability, strength of leader social status, and frequency of member interaction. After the parent study's final follow-up, two new qualitative studies will be conducted. One will consist of focus groups that include all members of 24 intact social networks, half who received the network intervention and half from the present study's control arm. The focus groups will represent those networks that most reduced their HIV risk behavior and those that least changed in their risk behavior levels. The other qualitative study will consist of individual in-depth interviews with the 40 participants who most-and the 40 who least-reduced their own risk behavior. Focus groups will examine processes and communication patterns that took place in formerly high-risk networks following intervention. In-depth interviews will explore how participants made risk reduction changes, the impact of changes in their relationships, and factors that facilitated or impeded their risk reduction behavior change efforts. There is growing interest in the field for testing network-level HIV prevention interventions. The proposed research will enhance our theoretical understanding of the risk reduction behavior change processes that occur in social networks. The work carries applied public health significance because its findings can guide service provider programs based on social network intervention approaches. Although this research will involve analyses related to a social network intervention being carried out in Russia, findings of the study are expected to also more generally shed light on theoretical and applied issues relevant to social network HIV prevention approaches carried out in the U.S.

描述（由申请人提供）： HIV预防结果试验的主要目的是测试干预措施的有效性，但经常留下许多重要的理论和实践问题没有得到解答，这些问题涉及干预措施产生行为改变效果的过程、干预措施发挥作用的机制、干预措施对谁最有效、以及如何进行降低风险的行为改变，以及它们如何对参与者的关系产生积极或消极的影响。一项由 NIMH 支持的随机试验目前正在东欧进行，该试验正在评估艾滋病毒预防干预措施的结果，该干预措施在社区场所招募高风险社交网络，并确定和培训每个社交网络的领导者，以向其他处于危险中的网络成员提供咨询减少。初步分析已经表明，干预措施正在产生巨大的性风险降低效果。本申请中提出的研究包括一项定量研究和两项定性研究，将以参与俄罗斯圣彼得堡干预试验的 68 个网络为样本，探索该模型的机制和基础。定量研究将收集额外的数据来分析干预效果如何取决于社交网络密度、时间稳定性、领导者社会地位的强度和成员互动的频率。在家长研究的最终随访后，将进行两项新的定性研究。其中一个将由焦点小组组成，其中包括 24 个完整社交网络的所有成员，其中一半接受网络干预，另一半接受本研究的对照组。焦点小组将代表那些减少艾滋病毒风险行为最多的网络和那些风险行为水平变化最小的网络。另一项定性研究将包括对 40 名最大程度地减少自己的风险行为和 40 名最小程度地减少自己的风险行为的参与者进行单独的深入访谈。焦点小组将检查干预后以前的高风险网络中发生的流程和通信模式。深入访谈将探讨参与者如何做出降低风险的改变、其关系变化的影响以及促进或阻碍其降低风险行为改变努力的因素。人们对测试网络级艾滋病毒预防干预措施的领域越来越感兴趣。拟议的研究将增强我们对社交网络中发生的风险降低行为改变过程的理论理解。这项工作具有应用公共卫生意义，因为其研究结果可以指导基于社交网络干预方法的服务提供者计划。尽管这项研究将涉及与在俄罗斯进行的社交网络干预相关的分析，但预计该研究的结果也将更广泛地阐明与在美国进行的社交网络艾滋病毒预防方法相关的理论和应用问题。