Cascading hazards from the largest volcanic eruption in over a century: What happened when Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai erupted in January 2022?

一个多世纪以来最大规模火山喷发带来的级联危害：2022 年 1 月洪加汤加-洪加哈派火山喷发时发生了什么？

• 批准号: 2878033
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2878033
• 关键词: Cascading; hazards; largest; volcanic; eruption

The most explosive volcanic event in >100 years occurred in January 2022, when Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) erupted unexpectedly, triggering cascades of hazards1. The atmospheric shockwave was felt around the planet, tsunamis inundated coastlines, and communications were cut when seafloor cables were damaged. Unique datasets were acquired before and after the eruption, providing the first opportunity to study the hazard cascades created by such a powerful event. New seafloor and subsurface geophysical data, acquired three months after the eruption, enable comparison with pre-eruption data, to show how the volcano evolved and shaped the surrounding seafloor. Initial analysis reveals that powerful pyroclastic density currents were generated following the initial eruption, sculpting deep seafloor channels and travelling vast distances. These surges may be the main trigger for tsunamis and responsible for >100 km of damage to seafloor cables; however, this requires validation. Coring of the seafloor and on onshore islands will provide the necessary sedimentological constraint to the eruptive timeline. This timely project offers a unique opportunity to determine the distribution, timing, behaviour and impact of pyroclastic flows, the linked and cascading hazards associated with such a major eruption, and new insights into many other volcanoes worldwide that pose similar hazards.

> 100年来最爆炸性的火山事件发生在2022年1月，当时Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai（HTHH）意外爆发，引发了一连串的危害1。地球周围感觉到了大气冲击波，海啸淹没了海岸线，并在海底电缆损坏时进行了通信。在喷发前后，获得了独特的数据集，这为研究如此强大的事件创造的危险级联提供了第一个机会。新的海底和地下地球物理数据在喷发后三个月获得，使其能够与喷发前数据进行比较，以显示火山如何发展和塑造周围周围的海底。最初的分析表明，在初始喷发后产生了强大的火山碎屑密度电流，雕刻了深海通道并行驶了广阔的距离。这些潮流可能是海啸的主要触发因素，并导致海底电缆损坏> 100公里。但是，这需要验证。海底和陆上岛上的加油将为喷发时间表提供必要的沉积学限制。这个及时的项目提供了一个独特的机会，可以确定火山碎屑流的分布，时机，行为和影响，与如此重大喷发相关的链接和级联危害以及对全球许多其他构成类似危害的其他火山的新见解。