Suggestibility and False Memory Formation in Psychopathology

精神病理学中的暗示性和错误记忆形成

• 批准号: 2872964
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2872964
• 关键词: Suggestibility; False; Memory; Formation; Psychopathology

Suggestive interviewing techniques can dramatically alter what people recollect, sometimes with substantial ramifications (Wade et al., 2010; Nash & Wade, 2009). Whereas no-one, as far as science has shown, is immune to suggestive techniques and memory distortions, certain cognitive abilities and personality characteristics make some people especially prone (Patihis et al., 2013). Clinical and subclinical symptoms of psychopathology, particularly Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression, could predispose people to suggestion-induced memory distortions, yet research examining the link between psychopathology and suggestibility is scarce. This gap in the cognitive psychology literature is surprising given that people with PTSD or depression are often required to accurately and repeatedly recollect emotional, personal experiences within clinical contexts (e.g., when seeking treatment) or legal contexts (e.g., when testifying as witnesses, victims, asylum-seekers). The current project will explore the relationship between PTSD, depression and trauma exposure, and suggestion-induced memory distortions. The proposed research will proceed in three strands. Strand 1 will determine whether prevailing models of false memory development can explain memory errors in psychopathology. A series of experiments will test theoretical predictions made by these models. Strand 2 will explore the role of metamemory in the development of false memories in people experiencing symptoms of psychopathology. For example, we will examine whether memory distrust influences the formation of suggestion-induced false memories in psychopathology and, if so, how this distrust affects individuals' expressions of confidence in their memories. Strand 3 will investigate practitioners' beliefs about memory reports elicited from individuals with psychopathology. To successfully translate the findings from Strands 1 and 2 to policy and practice, it is crucial to understand how legal and clinical professionals elicit and evaluate memory reports from individuals with psychopathology. The cognitive processes underlying false memory development are complex. The proposed research aims to substantially advance theoretical understanding of false memory formation in clinical contexts. Moreover, it will highlight how practitioners could design retrieval contexts that promote accurate remembering, and thus provide an empirical base for enhancing policy and practice. Given memory evidence is relied on heavily in clinical and legal contexts, it is essential to understand in what circumstances memory is most vulnerable, and to create conditions that minimise errors. To do this we need a better mechanistic understanding of how the symptoms of psychopathology interact with the processes that drive false memory production.

暗示性的访谈技术可以极大地改变人们的回忆，有时会产生重大影响（Wade等，2010； Nash＆Wade，2009）。据科学所表明的，没有人不受暗示性的技术和记忆扭曲的影响，而某些认知能力和人格特征使某些人特别容易发生（Patihis等，2013）。心理病理学的临床和亚临床症状，尤其是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和抑郁症，可能使人们倾向于提出建议引起的记忆扭曲，但是研究了精神病理学和暗示性之间的联系的研究很少。认知心理学文献中的这一差距令人惊讶，因为PTSD或抑郁症患者通常需要准确而反复地回顾临床背景下的情感，个人经历（例如，在寻求治疗时）或法律环境（例如，在证明作为证人，受害者，避难所）时。当前的项目将探索PTSD，抑郁和创伤暴露与建议引起的记忆失真之间的关系。拟议的研究将分为三个。 Strand 1将确定错误的记忆发展模型是否可以解释心理病理学中的记忆错误。一系列实验将测试这些模型做出的理论预测。 Strand 2将探讨元符号在经历精神病理症状的人中的虚假记忆发展中的作用。例如，我们将检查记忆不信任是否会影响建议在心理病理学中诱发的虚假记忆的形成，如果是这样，这种不信任如何影响个人对记忆的信心的表达。 Strand 3将调查从业者对心理病理学患者引起的记忆报告的信念。要成功地将研究结果从1和2转化为政策和实践，了解法律和临床专业人员如何引起和评估患有精神病学患者的记忆报告至关重要。错误的记忆发展基础的认知过程很复杂。拟议的研究旨在在临床背景下实质上提高对错误记忆形成的理论理解。此外，它将强调从业者如何设计检索环境，以促进准确的记忆，从而为增强政策和实践提供经验基础。鉴于记忆证据在临床和法律环境中严重依赖，因此必须了解在什么情况下记忆最脆弱的情况，并创建最小化错误的条件。为此，我们需要更好地理解精神病理学症状如何与驱动错误记忆产生的过程相互作用。