The role of giant impacts in the formation of the outer solar system and exosystems

巨大撞击在外太阳系和系外系统形成中的作用

• 批准号: 2815106
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2815106
• 关键词: role; giant; impacts; formation; outer

Giant impacts (collisions between planet-sized bodies) are the most violent events in planet formation. For a few hours, collisions that form greater than Earth-mass bodies release more energy than the Sun. Large fractions of the icy and/or rocky mantles of the colliding bodies are melted and vaporised, and the huge torques exerted can leave the post-impact body rapidly rotating. The mass of the largest body may either increase or decrease, depending on the amount of material ejected from the system. Impacts can fundamentally alter the trajectory of a planet's evolution, as the ratios of atmosphere, crust, mantle and core all change and systems of moons can be formed. For example, giant impacts are thought to be responsible for the high obliquity of Uranus, the high density of Mercury, and the formation of Earth's Moon. This project will explore how collisions shape the planets in our solar system and in exosystems. Using state-of-the-art giant impact simulations, the Lucy will investigate the range of dynamic and thermodynamic outcomes of collisions between water-rich bodies, and develop 'scaling laws' that relate the outcomes to the impact parameters. Although generally a common occurrence, the rates and energies of impacts vary between different planet formation models. By analysing the frequency and parameters of impacts in each scenario, Lucy will ascertain how giant impacts would sculpt planetary systems in different cases. Furthermore, by determining the observational signatures of post-impact bodies and synestias, the project will aim to provide the tools necessary to identify synestias, and other post-impact bodies, in other solar systems.

巨大的影响（行星大小的身体之间的碰撞）是行星形成中最​​暴力的事件。在几个小时内，形成大于地球物体的碰撞释放出比太阳更多的能量。撞击物体的冰冷和/或岩石披风的大部分是融化和蒸发的，施加的巨大扭矩可能会使后影响的身体迅速旋转。根据系统弹出的材料的数量，最大的身体的质量可能会增加或减少。影响可以从根本上改变行星演变的轨迹，因为可以形成大气，地壳，地幔和核心的比率，所有卫星的变化和系统。例如，巨大的影响被认为是天王星，高密度的高密度和地球月亮形成的原因。该项目将探讨碰撞如何塑造我们的太阳系和外部系统中的行星。使用最先进的巨型冲击模拟，露西将研究水丰富的身体之间碰撞的动态和热力学结果的范围，并制定将结果与影响参数相关的“缩放定律”。尽管通常是常见的发生，但影响的速率和能量在不同的行星形成模型之间有所不同。通过分析每种情况下影响的频率和参数，露西将确定在不同情况下巨大的影响将如何雕刻行星系统。此外，通过确定影响后身体和合成的观察性特征，该项目将旨在提供其他太阳系中识别合成体和其他影响后体的必要工具。