The role of legumes in achieving net zero: reducing nitrogen losses and improving soil health

豆类在实现净零排放方面的作用：减少氮素损失并改善土壤健康

• 批准号: 2754265
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2754265
• 关键词: role; legumes; achieving; net; zero

Scottish Government has pledged to meet a net-zero target for GHG emissions in Scotland by 2045 and the UK government by 2050. However, current agricultural practices result in high nitrogen (N) losses through nitrate leaching and emissions of the greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O). Improved agricultural practices can prevent soil health depletion and excess synthetic N fertiliser application. Implementing legumes into the crop system to capture and utilise biological forms of N provides a nature-based solution contributing to net zero targets. Diverse plant species mixtures that include N-fixing legumes (e.g. red clover, black medic, lucerne) are currently being used in organic agriculture but further development in conventional agriculture is needed, particularly understanding N cycling and soil GHG release in diverse species mixtures vs. monocultures. Evidence-based studies which directly measure N transfer-processes across contrasting agricultural systems (cover crops, grass/legume mixtures, intercropping, herbal leys) are needed to better understand plant-soil interactions and their ability to be manipulated for optimising N use efficiency and reducing GHG emissions whilst maintaining crop productivity. An experimental programme will be developed to investigate grass-legume species diversity, composition and intercropping effects on N fixation, N pools, N uptake and ecological responses, such as soil health status and plant productivity. Implications for residue quality and incorporation will also be studied in terms of net-gains and losses for the following crop and wider legacy effects. The project will develop grass/legume management guidance for optimal N use efficiency utilizing existing experimental field sites linked with current mob grazing, carbon sequestration potential, GHG monitoring and future RESAS research activities. The student will be trained in a range of analytical techniques (e.g. continuous flow analysis, gas chromatography, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, genetic techniques/analyses) to explore N pools, GHG emissions and soil microbial community diversity. These would provide detailed information about plant-soil N interactions which is vital for development of relationships that will be incorporated into dynamic deterministic models to improve the predictions of N cycling.Collectively supervisors on this project have extensive PhD supervision experience (at lead and co-supervisor levels on a range of interdisciplinary topics). The lead supervisor is responsible for identifying training needs through active communication with the student and awareness of the student's background and relevant experience. To ensure excellent training of the selected PhD student, the student's progress and training needs are monitored throughout the PhD programme.

苏格兰政府已承诺到2045年到2050年达到苏格兰的温室气体排放目标，到2050年。但是，当前的农业实践导致高氮（N）通过硝酸盐浸出和硝酸盐浸出和氮气（GHG）的排放造成的高氮（N）损失一氧化二氮（N2O）。改善农业实践可以防止土壤健康耗尽和过量的合成N肥料施用。将豆类实施到农作物系统中以捕获和利用N的生物学形式，提供了一种基于自然的解决方案，促进了净零靶标。目前正在使用包括N固定豆类（例如红三叶草，黑医生，卢塞恩）的各种植物物种混合物，在有机农业中使用，但需要在常规农业中进一步发展，尤其是了解不同物种混合物中的N循环和土壤GHG释放vs。单一培养。需要在对比鲜明的农业系统（涵盖农作物，草/豆类混合物，间作，草药）中直接测量n转移处理的循证研究，以更好地了解植物土壤相互作用及其能够操纵以优化n使用N使用效率和使用效率的能力。在维持农作物生产力的同时，减少温室气体排放。将制定一项实验计划，以研究基层物种的多样性，组成和对N固定，n个池，n个吸收和生态反应的影响，例如土壤健康状况和植物生产力。还将研究对残留质量和融合的影响，以净收益和以下农作物和更广泛的遗产影响。该项目将使用与当前暴民放牧，碳固存潜能，GHG监测和未来RESAS研究活动相关的现有实验现场站点来开发最佳N使用效率的草/豆类管理指南。该学生将接受一系列分析技术（例如连续流动分析，气相色谱，同位素比率质谱，遗传技术/分析）的培训，以探索N池，温室气体排放和土壤微生物社区的多样性。这些将提供有关植物土壤相互作用的详细信息，这些信息对于建立关系至关重要，这将纳入动态确定性模型，以改善N循环的预测。该项目的收集性监督员具有广泛的博士学位监督经验（在LEAD和CO-CON-CO-CONICTION中主管级别的一系列跨学科主题）。首席主管负责通过与学生积极沟通以及对学生背景和相关经验的认识来确定培训需求。为了确保对选定的博士生的出色培训，在整个博士学位课程中都监视了学生的进度和培训需求。