Comrades, Sisters, Servants: Gender, race, and subjectivity in Algerian communist female sociabilities, 1944 - 1968

同志、姐妹、仆人：阿尔及利亚共产主义女性社交能力中的性别、种族和主体性，1944 年至 1968 年

• 批准号: 2750990
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2750990
• 关键词: Comrades; Sisters; Servants; Gender; race

Through the life stories of Algerian women communists, my DPhil project explores the transnational possibilities and limits of sociability and solidarity across a racialised divide throughout the longue durée of Algerian decolonisation. In the decades leading up to independence, European members of the Algerian Communist Party (PCA) were uniquely committed to the anti-colonial struggle relative to the wider settler population. The party, while inextricably rooted in French colonial rule, facilitated radical cross-community politics. Its European members, structurally privileged as they were, worked to escape the constraints of the society in which they lived. After 1962, however, they found themselves increasingly excluded from the new Algerian nation, whose national identity was founded on community identification in Arabic and Islam. My project considers the extent to which Algerian communism, its social milieu, and its imagined future - of an independent, pluralistic, and multi-confessional Algeria - transcended the racialised confines of the colonial and post-colonial situation and, crucially, how both gender and class functioned to expand and contract this landscape of possibility. Most recently, I have been especially interested in how female and familial transnational networks shaped this socio-political landscape and how the prison and other carceral systems functioned as both productive and prohibitive sites of cross-community politicisation and sociability. In examining the PCA as a site of radical cross-community sociability, I move beyond established historical scholarship that has understood such spaces as mondes du contact or 'contact worlds' between racialised communities, which are taken to represent the possibility of a reformed colonial alternative to independence. My work is instead aligned with historians who, by looking beyond political reform to the quotidian experiences of domination and systemic inequality, recognise that opportunities for such reform were fleeting, if not altogether illusory. I thus approach the PCA milieu as an example of 'worlds in contact' (McDougall): a radical aperture in colonial society, taken on its own terms and devoid of teleological charge, that complicates our understanding of social and political possibilities within a racialised colonial hierarchy. Where previous scholarship has primarily focused on how such possibilities were contested in the public sphere, my work focuses on subjectivities and intimate relationships between communist women in the domestic sphere as both an under-examined space of cross-ethnic sociability and the most 'intimate' site of colonial domination (Stoler). In so doing, I also highlight the women whose political engagement has typically been underplayed in more conventionally political treatments of Algerian communism.Moreover, by shifting focus from party meetings to domestic spaces of daily interaction, I offer a new analytical frame for understanding the Algerian communist milieu through the micro-level subjectivities of the women who participated in it. In so doing, I draw inspiration from cultural historians, such as Toby Ditz, for whom subjectivities and the ego-documents that reveal them are deeply embedded in the 'matrix of social relationships' from which they emerge. Through a corpus of life-writings gathered from women involved in Algerian communist politics - who occupied positions of varying status, were of differing racialised identities, and followed different trajectories after independence - I aim to comprehend the qualitative character such relations matrices, the emotions they invoked, and the contradictions they represented in Algerian communist sociabilities and political life more broadly.Archival fragmentariness and marginality are primary considerations in my work. In focusing on life-writings and family archives, I contribute to ongoing efforts to write (post)colonial histories beyond the official

通过阿尔及利亚女共产主义者的生活故事，我的哲学博士项目探讨了在阿尔及利亚非殖民化的漫长过程中跨越种族鸿沟的跨国可能性和社交与团结的局限性。在独立之前的几十年里，阿尔及利亚共产党的欧洲成员（ PCA）独特地致力于相对于更广泛的定居者群体的反殖民斗争，该党虽然深深植根于法国殖民统治，但也促进了激进的跨社区政治。尽管在结构上享有特权，但 1962 年之后，他们发现自己越来越被排除在新的阿尔及利亚国家之外，而阿尔及利亚的民族认同是建立在阿拉伯语和伊斯兰教的社区认同之上的。我的项目考虑了阿尔及利亚共产主义、其社会环境及其想象中的未来——一个独立、多元化和多信仰的阿尔及利亚——在多大程度上超越了殖民和后殖民时期的种族化界限。最近，我对女性和家庭跨国网络如何塑造这种社会政治格局以及监狱和其他监狱系统如何运作特别感兴趣。作为跨社区政治化和社交性的富有成效和令人望而却步的场所，在将 PCA 作为激进的跨社区社交场所进行研究时，我超越了理解诸如 mondes du contact 或“接触”等空间的既定历史学术。相反，我的工作与历史学家保持一致，他们通过超越政治改革，关注统治和系统性不平等的日常经验，认识到这种机会。改革即使不是完全虚幻，也是转瞬即逝的，因此，我将 PCA 环境视为“接触的世界”（麦克杜格尔）的一个例子：殖民社会中的一个激进的缝隙，以它自己的方式来看，缺乏自由。目的论的指控，使我们对种族化殖民等级制度中的社会和政治可能性的理解变得复杂，以前的学术主要关注这些可能性如何在公共领域受到争议，而我的工作则侧重于家庭领域中共产主义妇女之间的主观性和亲密关系。作为一个未经充分审视的跨种族社交空间和最“亲密”的殖民统治场所（斯托勒），我还强调了在更传统的政治处理中，女性的政治参与通常被低估的情况。此外，通过将焦点从政党会议转移到日常互动的家庭空间，我提供了一个新的分析框架，通过参与其中的女性的微观主观性来理解阿尔及利亚共产主义环境。灵感来自文化历史学家，如托比·迪茨，对他们来说，主观性和揭示它们的自我文件深深地嵌入到“社会关系矩阵”中，它们是通过从生活著作中收集的语料库而出现的。参与阿尔及利亚共产主义政治的妇女——她们占据不同地位的职位，具有不同的种族化身份，独立后遵循不同的轨迹——我的目的是理解这些关系矩阵的定性特征，她们所引发的情感，以及她们在阿尔及利亚语中所代表的矛盾档案的碎片性和边缘性是我工作中的首要考虑因素。在关注生活写作和家庭档案时，我致力于持续努力书写官方之外的（后）殖民历史。