Saving Our Sisters: The Politics of Anti-Trafficking and Sex Work in the Philippines

拯救我们的姐妹：菲律宾反人口贩卖和性工作的政治

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W007193/1
负责人：
Sharmila Parmanand
金额：
$ 13.45万
依托单位：
London School of Economics and Political Science
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW007193%2F1
关键词：
Saving Our Sisters Politics Anti

项目摘要

Human trafficking is widely understood as a serious crime and a grave violation of human dignity. Trafficking, which is defined by the UN Trafficking Protocol (2000) as the "the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people through force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit", has become a popular framework through which many governments address prostitution. The dominant view within anti-trafficking circles is that prostitution is uniquely victimising compared to other precarious work, which has given rise to common interventions targeted at women who sell sex such as raids, rescue operations, and "rehabilitation programs". Millions of dollars are spent on anti-trafficking programmes such as these with the aim of protecting vulnerable individuals. However, these programs generally lack rigorous evaluation and are designed without the meaningful involvement of target populations.My proposed book manuscript is based on my PhD thesis, Saving Our Sisters: The Politics of Anti-Trafficking and Prostitution in the Philippines, in which I examine the Philippines as a case study for understanding how care and control are enacted in anti-trafficking policies on sex work. The Philippines is a global model for anti-trafficking. It was the first Asia-Pacific country to ratify the UN Trafficking Protocol and the only Southeast Asian country to receive the highest ranking in the US Trafficking in Persons Report, which makes it a key case study, especially as anti-trafficking is gaining traction in other Southeast Asian countries. Filipino feminists took advantage of the momentum from the UN Anti-Trafficking Protocol to redefine prostitution as sexual exploitation under national anti-trafficking legislation. My research is the first systematic inquiry into the relationship between anti-trafficking and sex work in the Philippines. It provides an original history of anti-trafficking 'from below' that unsettles the dominant portrayal of anti-trafficking laws as anunequivocal human rights victory.Using ethnographic research with street and bar-based sex workers as my primary source of data, my project shows how anti-trafficking has reproduced and worsened some inequalities. It demonstrates how raids, rescue operations, and rehabilitation heightened the precarity of sex workers by reducing their control over their working conditions, increasing the police's power over them, and making assistance conditional on their cooperation in the prosecution of clients and third parties. The emphasis on victimhood also legitimises violence against sex workers who did not provide a credible performance of innocence. I challenge dominant understanding of sex work as trafficking by providing an alternative reading of agency that is grounded in how sex workers took pride in using their resourcefulness and entrepreneurship to contest their displacement in the labour market and resist gendered low-paid and labour-intensive jobs such as sewing and domestic work. I also discuss how they challenged social scripts by citing their work as a moral project through which best fulfilled their roles as mothers by improving their children's lives. While there are extensive debates in academic and policy circles on whether treating all prostitution as trafficking addresses the economic coercion and male violence in prostitution or entrenches the sexual surveillance of women and anti-immigrant agendas, there is far less interrogation of how sex workers themselves engage with and experience anti-trafficking interventions. This data is hard to obtain both because of the illicit nature of sex work and the opaque character of anti-trafficking interventions, but is crucial in establishing whether anti-trafficking laws, policies, and practices ensure the safety and well-being of target populations and open up gender-equal futures.

人口贩运被广泛理解为一种严重的犯罪和严重侵犯人类尊严。贩运是由联合国贩运方案（2000）定义为“通过武力，欺诈或欺诈行为招募，运输，转让，藏匿或接收人民的招募，旨在利用他们以获利的目的”，已成为一个流行的框架许多政府通过它解决卖淫。反贩运圈子中的主要看法是，与其他不稳定的工作相比，卖淫是巨大的，这引起了针对出售性行为的妇女（例如突袭，救援行动和“康复计划”）的共同干预措施。数百万美元用于这样的反贩运计划，目的是保护弱势群体。但是，这些计划通常缺乏严格的评估，并且是在没有有意义的目标人群参与的情况下进行设计的。我提出的书手稿是基于我的博士学位论文，拯救了我们的姐妹：菲律宾的反贩运和卖淫的政治，我在其中检查了我菲律宾作为一个案例研究，以了解如何在性工作的反贩运政策中制定护理和控制。菲律宾是反贩运的全球模式。这是第一个批准联合国贩运方案的亚太国家，也是唯一在人口贩运人口报告中获得最高排名的东南亚国家，这是一个关键的案例研究，尤其是随着反贩运活动正在受到关注其他东南亚国家。菲律宾女权主义者利用了联合国反贩运方案的势头，将卖淫重新定义为国家反贩运立法下的性剥削。我的研究是对菲律宾反贩运与性工作之间关系的首次系统调查。它提供了反贩运的“从下方”的原始历史，这使人对反贩运法律的主要描述为Anunequivocal人权胜利。使用街头和基于酒吧的性工作者作为我的主要数据来源，我的项目来源是我的主要数据来源，我的项目表明抗贩运的方式如何再现并恶化了一些不平等现象。它证明了突袭，救援行动和康复如何通过减少对他们的工作条件的控制，增加警察对他们的权力，并在起诉客户和第三方的起诉方面协助协助，从而提高了性工作者的不稳定。对受害者的强调还使对没有提供无罪表现的性工作者的暴力行为合法化。我通过提供对代理机构的替代阅读来挑战对性工作的主要理解，这是基于性工作者如何以他们的机智和企业家精神对自己在劳动力市场中的流离失所而感到自豪并抵制性别低迷和劳动力强度的工作例如缝纫和家庭工作。我还讨论了他们如何通过将工作作为一个道德项目来挑战社会脚本，通过它通过改善子女的生活来最好地履行母亲的角色。尽管在学术和政策界都有关于将所有卖淫视为贩运的辩论，是否解决了卖淫中的经济胁迫和男性暴力，或者根深蒂固的妇女和反移民议程的性监视，但性别工作者本身如何参与的询问却少得多。并经历反贩运干预措施。由于性工作的非法性质和反贩运干预措施的不透明特征，因此很难获得这些数据，但对于确定反贩运法律，政策和实践是否确保目标人群的安全和福祉至关重要并开放性别与期货。