Developmental Studies in Children

儿童发展研究

• 批准号: 7156615
• 负责人: James Bruce Tomblin
• 金额: $ 25.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7156615
• 关键词: children; clinical research; experience; hearing; language; learning; memory; speech; speech recognition

We provide cochlear implants (CIs) to young children who are deaf to alter their developmental course with regard to listening, speaking, learning, and socializing. The intended ultimate result in for the child to grow into a competent member of the hearing society. The brief history of developmental Cl research has shown that pediatric Cl users achieve substantial benefits in most of these areas. One set of studies proposed in this project aims to continue evaluating the outcomes of current and emerging practices of cochlear implantation. Our interests in current practices focus on whether the initial advantages of implantation early in life persist into the implant users' middle-school years. We will also focus on whether young adults implanted in childhood attain many of the social, occupational, and personal outcomes found among hearing individuals. Furthermore, we will examine whether some of these individuals identify with the Deaf community exclusively or with the hearing community as well. Within these studies, we will also examine the benefits of new practices in cochlear implantation. Specifically, we will examine whether bilateral implantation in infancy provides benefits to listening, speech, and language learning. Finally, we will evaluate if implantation before 12 months of age provides additional advantages to speech, language, and listening development compared to implantation after 12 months of age. A second set of studies shift away from outcome studies. These studies are concerned with advancing our understanding of the basic perceptual and cognitive systems that influence (and emerge) from a child's experiences with her Cl. The auditory experiences of the deaf child who receives a Cl appear to be superficially sufficient for the development of functional speech perception and spoken language. However, these children have qualitatively different auditory abilities and experiences that are likely to result in important differences in their development of speech perception. These children's abilities to perceive and employ properties of the speech signal subsequently bootstrap their language learning, and the development of memory systems involving phonological short-term and long-term memory that are important in language learning. A series of studies will examine how well infant Cl users develop preferences for properties of speech that have been shown to be salient to hearing infants. The manner in which phonemic categories are formed and subphonemic cues are used in perception will also be examined in these children. Finally, a model of the relationships between speech perception, short-term phonological memory, long-term phonological procedural memory, and declarative memory and early word learning will be examined in these children. These data will be later used to predict longer-term vocabulary development.

我们为聋哑儿童提供人工耳蜗（CI），以改变其发育过程 关于聆听，讲话，学习和社交。孩子的预期最终结果 成长为听证会的合格成员。发展性CL研究的简短历史 表明，小儿CL用户在大多数这些领域中获得了可观的好处。一组研究 该项目中提出的旨在继续评估当前和新兴实践的结果 人工耳蜗植入。我们对当前实践的兴趣集中于 生命早期植入植入物使用者的中学年。我们还将关注是否 植入童年的年轻人获得了许多社会，职业和个人成果 在听证的个人中。此外，我们将研究其中一些人是否认同 聋人社区也专门或听证社区。在这些研究中，我们还将 检查新实践在人工耳蜗中的好处。具体来说，我们将检查是否 婴儿期的双边植入为听力，语音和语言学习提供了好处。最后，我们会的 评估12个月以前的植入是否为语音，语言和 与植入12个月后相比，听力发展。 第二组研究偏离了结果研究。这些研究与进步有关 我们对影响孩子的基本知觉和认知系统的理解 与她的CL经历。接收CL的聋子的听觉经历似乎是 表面上足以发展功能性语音感知和口语。然而， 这些孩子具有不同的听觉能力和经验，可能会导致 他们的言语感知发展的重要差异。这些孩子的感知能力 使用语音信号的属性随后引导其语言学习和发展 涉及语音短期和长期记忆的记忆系统在语言中很重要 学习。一系列研究将研究婴儿CL用户如何发展对特性的偏好 已经证明对婴儿显着的言语。语音类别的方式 在这些儿童中还将检查形成的和副词的提示。最后，一个 语音感知，短期语音记忆，长期关系之间的关系模型 语音程序记忆以及声明性记忆和早期的单词学习将在这些中进行检查 孩子们。这些数据将在后来用于预测长期词汇发展。