Energy and Appetite Regulation by High and Low CHO Diets

高和低 CHO 饮食的能量和食欲调节

• 批准号: 7140075
• 负责人: DIANE D STADLER
• 金额: $ 27.5万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7140075
• 关键词: appetite; bioenergetics; blood chemistry; body composition; body weight; clinical research; clinical trials; dietary carbohydrates; ghrelin; human subject; hunger; incretin hormone; insulin; leptin; neuropeptide Y; nutrient intake activity; nutrition related tag; obesity; patient oriented research; questionnaires; satiations; urinalysis; weight control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The rising epidemic of obesity in the United States is accompanied by widespread public use of low carbohydrate diets for weight loss. The popularity of these diets is due partly to the promise of a "metabolic advantage" that promotes faster weight loss without an overriding sense of hunger. If this claim is true, we hypothesize that a low-carbohydrate diet will impact hormones and other factors that regulate appetite and energy balance, and result in lower energy intake and greater weight loss, than a high complex carbohydrate diet. To test this hypothesis, we will conduct a randomized, controlled feeding trial in which obese adults will be randomly assigned to one of three interventions: a low-carbohydrate-ad libitum diet, a high-carbohydrate -ad libitum diet, or a high-carbohydrate-energy-restricted diet. The low-carbohydrate diet will be modeled after the Induction Phase of the Atkins Diet. The high carbohydrate diet will be based on the "Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)" diet. Participants will eat a standardized weight maintenance diet for 3 weeks. Then, for 6-weeks, participants assigned to either ad libitum group will be given their assigned diet at 120% of there estimated energy needs to maintain weight and allowed to eat as much as desired. Participants assigned to the energy-restricted group will be provided a DASH diet at 67% of their estimated energy needs to maintain weight and asked to eat all foods provided. Food intake will be measured daily. Body weight and hunger and satiety scores will be measured three times a week. Body composition and energy expenditure will be measured before and after the intervention. 24-hour profiles of hormones and other factors that influence central appetite and weight regulation (insulin, leptin, ghrelin, PYY, GLP-1) will be measured before, and on first and last days of the intervention, to compare acute and chronic metabolic effects of the diets. The analysis of primary outcomes will be based on repeated measures and longitudinal models methodology. This study offers a unique opportunity to explore how extreme differences in dietary composition, before and after weight loss, affect components of energy balance and markers of central appetite and weight regulation. These results will be used to design hypothesis-driven studies of the identified mediators of appetite and weight regulation in response to dietary manipulation.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国肥胖的流行伴随着大量公众使用低碳水化合物饮食以减轻体重。这些饮食的普及部分归因于“代谢优势”的承诺，该饮食有望促进减肥而没有饥饿感，可以更快地减肥。如果这种说法是正确的，我们假设低碳水化合物饮食会影响激素和其他调节食欲和能量平衡的因素，并导致能量摄入量较低，而体重减轻较大，而不是高复杂的碳水化合物饮食。为了检验这一假设，我们将进行一项随机，受控的喂养试验，其中肥胖的成年人将被随机分配到三种干预措施之一：低碳水化合物-Ad litbitum饮食，高碳水化合物-AD的自由饮食或高碳水化合物 - 碳水化合物 - 含水剂的限制性饮食。低碳水化合物饮食将在阿特金斯饮食的诱导阶段进行建模。高碳水化合物饮食将基于“停止高血压（破折号）”饮食的“饮食方法”。参与者将吃3周的标准化体重维持饮食。然后，对于6周，将分配给任一个随意组的参与者将以估计的能量的120％的饮食来维持体重，并允许尽可能多地进食。分配给该限制性组的参与者将以其估计能量所需的67％的仪表式饮食，以维持体重，并要求食用所有提供的食物。食物摄入量将每天测量。体重，饥饿和饱腹分数每周将进行三次测量。身体成分和能量消耗将在干预之前和之后测量。将在干预之前，第一次和最后几天测量的24小时激素和其他影响中心食欲和体重调节的因素（胰岛素，瘦素，生长素蛋白，PYY，GLP-1），以比较饮食的急性和慢性代谢作用。主要结果的分析将基于重复测量和纵向模型方法。这项研究提供了一个独特的机会，可以探索体重减轻前后的饮食成分的极端差异，影响能量平衡的组成部分以及中央食欲和体重调节的标志物。这些结果将用于设计对饮食操纵的食欲和体重调节鉴定的介体的假设驱动的研究。