Molecular Genetics of Olfaction in Drosophila

果蝇嗅觉的分子遗传学

• 批准号: 7117247
• 负责人: Robert R. H Anholt
• 金额: $ 3.32万
• 依托单位: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7117247
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; South America; age difference; animal ecology; animal population genetics; arthropod genetics; behavioral genetics; biochemical evolution; ethology; gene environment interaction; genetic polymorphism; larva; mature animal; molecular genetics; neurogenetics; olfactions; phenotype

This is a revised application for collaborative research under the Fogarty International Program. The aim of the parent grant is to investigate the genetic architecture of odor-guided behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, a behavior which is essential for survival and reproduction. When assessing the genetic basis of any complex trait, it is important to distinguish genes that contribute to manifestation of the trait and a subset of these genes that contribute to naturally occurring phenotypic variation of the trait, as the latter harbor polymorphisms that serve as the substrate for evolution. The specific aims of the parent grant focus entirely on adult flies, i.e. the reproductive phase of the life cycle. The present Fogarty application proposes to identify novel genes that contribute to larval odor-guided behavior and to assess which of these genes may contribute to phenotypic plasticity in natural populations. The specific aims of this Fogarty proposal are: (1) Identification of genes that contribute to odor-guided behavior in Drosophila melanogaster larvae; and, (2) Identification of those genes, identified in Specific Aim 1, that contribute to phenotypic variation for larval olfactory behavior in natural populations and form the substrate for adaptive evolution. Co-isogenic P- element insertion lines will be screened to identify genes that affect olfactory behavior in larvae, and candidate genes responsible for larval smell impairment will be compared to those that affect odor-guided behavior in adult flies identified earlier from a screen of the same P-element insertion lines. Individual chromosomes from eight diverse natural populations of D. melanogaster from Argentina will be substituted into an isogenic background and quantitative complementation tests will be performed to assess for up to 12 larval genes identified in Specific Aim 1 whether these genes contribute to natural variation in olfactory behavior. The proposed approach will significantly extend the parent grant and is innovative in that it combines quantitative genetic strategies directly with molecular ecology in the context of chemosensation.

这是Fogarty International计划下的合作研究的修订申请。父母赠款的目的是研究果蝇果蝇中气味引导行为的遗传结构，这对于生存和繁殖至关重要。在评估任何复杂性状的遗传基础时，重要的是要区分有助于表现性状的基因和这些基因的子集，这些基因有助于自然发生的性状特征变化，因为后者携带多态性，这些多态性是作为进化的底物的多态性。父母赠款的具体目的完全关注成年苍蝇，即生命周期的生殖阶段。目前的Fogarty应用建议确定有助于幼虫气味引导行为的新基因，并评估这些基因中哪些可能有助于自然种群的表型可塑性。该Fogarty提案的具体目的是：（1）鉴定果蝇中果蝇幼虫的气味引导行为的基因； （2）在特定目标1中鉴定的那些基因的鉴定，这些基因有助于自然种群中幼虫嗅觉行为的表型变化，并形成了适应性进化的底物。将筛选共同生物的P-元素插入线，以识别影响幼虫嗅觉行为的基因，并将负责幼虫气味障碍的候选基因与影响从同一P元素插入线筛查的成年果蝇中鉴定出的成年蝇中的气味所领导行为的候选基因进行比较。来自阿根廷的八种不同天然种群的八种自然种群的个体染色体将被替代为等生背景，并将进行定量互补测试，以评估在特定目标中鉴定出的多达12个幼虫基因1是否有助于嗅觉行为的自然变异。所提出的方法将显着扩展父授予的赠款，并具有创新性，因为它将定量遗传策略直接与化学敏化背景下的分子生态结合在一起。