Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Decision-Making

决策中的认知和情感过程

• 批准号: 7081647
• 负责人: ALAN SANFEY
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7081647
• 关键词: behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; brain mapping; choice; clinical research; cognition; decision making; emotions; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; neural information processing; neuropsychology; psychological tests; social competition; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project proposes a series of experiments that will contribute to the burgeoning field of neuroeconomics, which attempts understand the component processes of decision-making by examining both behavior and the underlying neural substrates. The proposed studies seek to begin specifying the mechanisms of decisions, in particular the cognitive and emotional components that make up the decision-making process. Emotional influences on decision-making have been largely ignored for many years, but recent interest in how our emotional states can affect the type of decisions we make offer an exciting opportunity to broaden our knowledge of this most important process. Specifically, the proposed experiments will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain function of people engaged in economic decision- making. This proposal builds on previous work by the author examining the cognitive and emotional processes underlying human decision-making. In a prior study, we found reliable, independent patterns of neural activity corresponding to emotional and cognitive biases in a well-studied task of economic decision- making known as the Ultimatum Game. In this game, participants are placed in a consequential social interaction with another person, and decisions are made which correspond to emotional or cognitive motives. In the present proposal, hypotheses generated in this previous study will be systematically tested, and pilot data generated for future research submissions. The degree to which emotion and cognition affect decisions will be explored in greater depth, via the use of variants of the Ultimatum Game and fMRI. This research will also have broader implications for assessment and treatment of, neurological and psychiatric disorders that are often accompanied by poor decision-making abilities. A fuller understanding of the processes and structures involved in normal decision-making may greatly help characterize the decision-making deficits of patients suffering from these disorders and suggest avenues for the future treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目提出了一系列实验，这些实验将有助于神经经济学的新兴领域，这些实验试图通过检查行为和潜在的神经基质来了解决策的组成过程。拟议的研究试图开始指定决策的机制，尤其是构成决策过程的认知和情感组成部分。多年来，对决策的情感影响在很大程度上被忽略了，但是最近对我们的情绪状态如何影响我们提供的决策类型的兴趣为我们提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，以扩大我们对这一最重要过程的了解。具体而言，拟议的实验将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来衡量从事经济决策的人的大脑功能。这项提案是基于作者先前的工作，研究了人类决策的认知和情感过程。在先前的研究中，我们发现了与情感和认知偏见相对应的可靠，独立的神经活动模式，这是经济决策的经济决策任务，称为最后通atum游戏。在这个游戏中，参与者与另一个人进行了相应的社交互动，做出了与情感或认知动机相对应的决定。在本提案中，将在先前的研究中产生的假设进行系统测试，并为将来的研究提交生成试验数据。通过使用Ultimatum Game和fMRI的变体，将更深入地探索情感和认知影响决策的程度。这项研究还将对经常伴有决策能力不佳的神经和精神疾病的评估和治疗具有更广泛的影响。对正常决策的过程和结构有更深入的了解可能会极大地有助于表征患有这些疾病的患者的决策缺陷，并为未来治疗的途径提出了途径。