Effect Moderation and Mediation in Prevention Programs

预防计划中的效果调节和调解

• 批准号: 6865342
• 负责人: Carl Anderson Johnson
• 金额: $ 12.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6865342
• 关键词: Chinese; Hispanic Americans; adolescence (12-20); angers; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; culture; depression; human subject; outcomes research; parent offspring interaction; pathologic process; personality; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; socioeconomics; tobacco abuse; tobacco abuse prevention

Research in psychology, public health, and sociology has identified personality characteristics (e.g., depression, hostility, sensation-seeking) and characteristics of the social environment (e.g., peer and family influences, socioeconomic factors, stressful life events) as predictors of adolescents use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. However, psychosocial research typically has not considered biological and genetic risk and protective factors as possible sources of resilience to substance use. Simultaneously, behavioral geneticists have investigated the etiology of substance use behavior by partitioning its phenotypic variance into genetic and environmental components, including shared and nonshared environments: Unfortunately, much of this research has been limited by imprecise measures of environmental risk and protective factors. This study will bridge the disciplines of psychology, sociology, public health, and behavioral genetics by using the methods of multiple disciplines to evaluate a model of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use etiology. We will collect detailed data about tobacco and alcohol use, social-environmental factors, and personality characteristics among 600 pairs of adolescent twins in Southern California and 600 pairs of adolescent twins in Qingdao, China. This study will distinguish environmental risk and protective factors from heritable factors and identify the specific aspects of the shared and nonshared environments that are associated with substance use. This study also will assess interactions between heritable factors and the social environment in the prediction of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use, to determine whether heritable characteristics make some adolescents more susceptible or resilient to risk factors in the social environment.

心理学，公共卫生和社会学研究已经确定了人格特征 （例如，抑郁症，敌意，寻求感觉）和社会环境的特征（例如，同伴和家庭影响，社会经济因素，压力性生活事件），作为青少年使用烟草，酒精和其他药物的预测指标。但是，社会心理研究通常没有将生物学和遗传风险和保护因素视为对药物使用的弹性来源。同时，行为遗传学家通过将其表型差异划分为遗传来研究了物质使用行为的病因 以及包括共享和非心理环境在内的环境组件：不幸的是，这项研究的大部分受到环境风险和保护因素的不精确度的限制。这项研究将通过使用多个学科的方法评估青少年烟草和酒精使用病因的模型，弥合心理学，社会学，公共卫生和行为遗传学的学科。我们将收集有关烟草和饮酒，社会环境因素以及南加州的600对青少年双胞胎的详细数据，以及中国Qingdao的600对青少年双胞胎。这项研究将将环境风险和保护因素与可遗传因素区分开，并确定与之相关的共享环境的特定方面 使用物质。这项研究还将在预测青少年烟草和饮酒的预测中评估可遗传因素与社会环境之间的互动，以确定可遗传的特征是使某些青少年在社会环境中更容易受到敏感还是对风险因素的韧性。