CORTICAL SPECIALIZATIONS FOR AUDITORY COMMUNICATION

听觉交流的皮质特化

• 批准号: 6771344
• 负责人: JAGMEET S. KANWAL
• 金额: $ 3.22万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-07-01 至 2005-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6771344
• 关键词: Chiroptera; animal communication behavior; audiometry; auditory cortex; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; auditory threshold; binaural hearing; brain mapping; neural information processing; sonar; sound frequency

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) Mustached bats, Pteronotus parnellii, emit a diverse array of structurally complex communications sounds (calls) as well as stereotypic echolocation pulses. Surprisingly, many auditory cortex neurons that were previously considered to be "highly specialized" for processing echolocation signals, especially those in the left hemisphere, respond equally well or better to calls. First, with continued support, the work proposed here will electrophysiologically characterize the nature and extent of the hemispheric lateralization for processing calls. This will be accomplished largely by simultaneously recording from both hemispheres while presenting the appropriate call and echolocation (pulse-echo pair) stimuli and mapping stimulus preference, at both the population and single cell levels. Second, this research will explore auditory processing beyond the level of the auditory cortex by recording auditory responses in the frontal cortex. Despite over twenty years of auditory cortical research, very little is known about auditory responses within the frontal cortex of any species. Frontal auditory (FA) responses can be dramatically different from those in the auditory cortex. The proposed work will fill this gap by characterizing and categorizing FA neurons in a quantitative manner. A variety of species-specific calls and basic acoustic patterns (e.g., frequency modulated sweeps, constant frequency tone and noise bursts) will be presented and neurophysiological data will be acquired under computer-control. The final thrust of this proposal is to examine the role(s) of intracortical interactions during short-term auditory processing. Inter-hemispheric interactions may create hemispheric lateralization and fronto-temporal interactions may modify responses of echolocation and call processing neurons. To examine this short-term regulation, auditory stimulation will be paired with electrical microstimulation and transient focal inactivation of neurons in the auditory cortex on one side, while recording responses of single cells in the auditory cortex on the opposite side. Specific parameters to examine include (1) peak response rate, (2) response latency, (3) response duration, (4) temporal response patterns, and (5) call preference of neurons. This research will bring us closer to understanding call processing at the cortical level in mammals, and the basic auditory mechanisms for perceiving speech sounds in humans. It can have an especially important bearing on understanding different types of cortical deafness such as progressive pure word deafness.

描述：（改编自研究者的摘要）小胡子蝙蝠， Pteronotus parnellii，释放出多种结构复杂的物质 通信声音（呼叫）以及刻板回声定位脉冲。 令人惊讶的是，许多以前被认为是听觉皮层神经元 “高度专业化”地处理回声定位信号，尤其是那些 在左半球，对呼叫的反应同样好或更好。首先，与 继续支持，这里提出的工作将电生理学 描述半球偏侧化的性质和程度 处理呼叫。这主要通过同时记录来完成 来自两个半球，同时发出适当的呼叫和回声定位 （脉冲回波对）刺激和映射刺激偏好，在两个 群体和单细胞水平。其次，本研究将探讨听觉 通过记录听觉来进行超出听觉皮层水平的处理 额叶皮层的反应。尽管听觉皮层已有二十多年 研究表明，人们对额叶内的听觉反应知之甚少 任何物种的皮质。额叶听觉 (FA) 反应可能会非常显着 与听觉皮层的不同。拟议的工作将填补这一空白 通过以定量方式对 FA 神经元进行表征和分类来缩小差距。一个 各种物种特定的叫声和基本的声学模式（例如频率 将呈现调制扫描、恒定频率音调和噪声突发） 神经生理学数据将在计算机控制下获取。 该提案的最终目标是研究皮质内的作用 短期听觉处理过程中的相互作用。半球间 相互作用可能会产生半球偏侧化和额颞叶 相互作用可能会改变回声定位和呼叫处理神经元的反应。 为了检查这种短期调节，听觉刺激将与 电微刺激和神经元的短暂局部失活 一侧的听觉皮层，同时记录一侧听觉皮层的单个细胞的反应 听觉皮层位于另一侧。要检查的具体参数包括 (1) 峰值响应率，(2) 响应延迟，(3) 响应持续时间，(4) 时间响应模式，以及（5）神经元的呼叫偏好。这项研究 将使我们更接近于理解皮质层的呼叫处理 哺乳动物以及感知语音的基本听觉机制 人类。它对于理解不同的情况具有特别重要的影响 皮质性耳聋的类型，例如进行性纯言语耳聋。