Modulation of Thalamic Relay

丘脑继电器的调节

• 批准号: 7668543
• 负责人: JAGMEET S. KANWAL
• 金额: $ 39.65万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7668543
• 关键词: Acetylcholine; Animals; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Brain; Brain Part; Brain Stem; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Classification; Complex; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Disease; Electroencephalography; Environment; Goals; Health; Human; Individual; Injury; Lateral Geniculate Body; Life; Macaca; Measurable; Minor; Monkeys; Nature; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual disturbance; Performance; Play; Preparation; Psychometrics; Psychophysiology; Recommendation; Research; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Slow-Wave Sleep; Source; Structure; System; Testing; Thalamic structure; Visual; Visual system structure; Wakefulness; Work; awake; base; cholinergic; insight; interest; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): By studying the brain in live and behaving subjects, we obtain fundamental insight into the neural basis of natural behaviors. Such basic biology research is essential as the fundamental underpinning for understanding brain function when compromised by disease or injury. In this proposal we will investigate the brain mechanisms for modulating the flow of sensory information to the cerebral cortex, where perception occurs. With only minor exceptions, all sensory signals are relayed to cortex through a brain structure called the thalamus. Other parts of the brain modulate thalamic throughput by specific kinds of projections or neurotransmitters. Depending on the "tone" of these various inputs, the thalamus switches between two different modes of relay. One mode relays sensory information very faithfully; whereas, the other distorts or disconnects the relayed information. The faithful "tonic mode" predominates during wakefulness and the other "burst mode" predominates during deep sleep. The nature of the transition between these two modes in the living animal is currently not well understood, and will be investigated here. A major source of influence for this state-related tone comes from a brainstem structure called the parabrachial region (PER) that uses the special neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In order to understand this "gate keeper" action better, we intend to manipulate the activity in the PBR experimentally while observing the effect in the visual relay nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Essentially, we will use the visual system to understand how the PBR "arouses" the thalamus. The health relatedness of this research is that study of how the normal, healthy brain works is how we come to understand the human condition in health and in illness.

描述（由申请人提供）：通过研究活体和行为受试者的大脑，我们获得了对自然行为的神经基础的基本了解。这种基础生物学研究至关重要，是理解因疾病或损伤而受损的大脑功能的基础。在本提案中，我们将研究调节感觉信息流向发生感知的大脑皮层的大脑机制。除了少数例外，所有感觉信号都通过称为丘脑的大脑结构传递到皮层。大脑的其他部分通过特定类型的投射或神经递质调节丘脑的吞吐量。根据这些不同输入的“音调”，丘脑在两种不同的中继模式之间切换。一种模式非常忠实地传递感官信息；另一种模式非常忠实地传递感官信息。而另一个则扭曲或断开所传递的信息。忠实的“补品模式”在清醒期间占主导地位，而另一种“突发模式”在深度睡眠期间占主导地位。目前，活体动物中这两种模式之间的转变性质尚不清楚，本文将对其进行研究。这种与状态相关的音调的主要影响来源来自称为臂旁区（PER）的脑干结构，该结构使用特殊的神经递质乙酰胆碱。为了更好地理解这种“看门人”作用，我们打算通过实验操纵 PBR 中的活动，同时观察丘脑视觉中继核、外侧膝状核 (LGN) 的效果。本质上，我们将使用视觉系统来理解 PBR 如何“唤醒”丘脑。这项研究与健康的相关性在于，研究正常、健康的大脑如何工作是我们了解人类健康和疾病状况的方式。