fMRI

功能磁共振成像

• 批准号: 6947422
• 负责人: TERRY L. JERNIGAN
• 金额: $ 19.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-15 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6947422
• 关键词: AIDS /HIV neuropathy; HIV infections; attention; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain morphology; comorbidity; drug abuse; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; methamphetamine; neural information processing; neurologic manifestations; neuropathology; neuropharmacology; patient oriented research

This is a revised application for Project by Jernigan. During the previous funding period, we defined and contrasted the patterns of HIV- and METH-related brain structural alterations. Striatal and parietal cortex volumes are increased in METH (possibly related to strong microglial and astrocytic activation), while there are widespread volume losses in HIV (probably reflecting greater neural damage associated with neurotoxic viral products). Importantly, specific damage in caudate nucleus is associated with HIV, and disproportionate effects in parietal cortex associated with METH. We focus here on the implications of these changes for cognitive-motor processing, and hypothesize that the METH-related parietal lobe alterations (previously unexplored) interact with striatal changes and produce disproportionate attentional deficits. The major aim of the project is to establish links between the structural alterations and the neuromotor and neurocognitive deficits present in HIV and METH. The studies are driven by specific hypotheses about the roles that the distinct neural alterations of HIV and METH play in producing neuromotor and neurocognitive deficits. Combining multimodal imaging with sophisticated neurobehavioral and biomarker indices, we will study the following age- and education-matched groups: HIV-/METH-, HIV-/METH+, HIV+/METH-, and HIV+/METH+. Because we have observed structural alterations associated with each risk factor, we will determine whether baseline perfusion abnormalities exist in the structures affected by HIV and/or METH. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) methods will be used to measure baseline perfusion. To test hypotheses about HIV-related and METH-related neurocognitive and nueromotor impairment, BOLD effects will be obtained using 2 activation paradigms expected to elicit different (impaired) responses in the two risk groups: responsive motor switching (RMS) and global/local divided attention (Glo/Loc). The findings of these studies will advance the understanding of manifestations and mechanisms of neural abnormalities associated with HIV and METH.

这是 Jernigan 的 Project 修订版应用程序。在之前的资助期间，我们定义并对比了与 HIV 和 METH 相关的大脑结构改变的模式。 METH 导致纹状体和顶叶皮层体积增加（可能与小胶质细胞和星形细胞的强烈激活有关），而 HIV 导致纹状体和顶叶皮层体积普遍减少（可能反映了与神经毒性病毒产物相关的更大的神经损伤）。重要的是，尾状核的特定损伤与 HIV 相关，而顶叶皮层的不成比例的影响与 METH 相关。我们在这里关注这些变化对认知运动处理的影响，并假设与 METH 相关的顶叶改变（之前 未探索）与纹状体变化相互作用并产生不成比例的注意力缺陷。该项目的主要目的是建立 HIV 和 METH 中结构改变与神经运动和神经认知缺陷之间的联系。这些研究是由关于 HIV 和 METH 的不同神经改变在产生神经运动和神经认知缺陷中所发挥的作用的具体假设驱动的。将多模态成像与复杂的神经行为和生物标志物指数相结合，我们将研究以下年龄和教育程度匹配的群体：HIV-/METH-、HIV-/METH+、HIV+/METH- 和 HIV+/METH+。 因为我们已经观察到与每个危险因素相关的结构改变，所以我们将确定受 HIV 和/或 METH 影响的结构中是否存在基线灌注异常。动脉自旋标记（ASL）方法将用于测量基线灌注。为了测试有关 HIV 相关和 METH 相关神经认知和神经运动损伤的假设，将使用 2 种激活范式获得 BOLD 效果，预计会在两个风险组中引发不同（受损）的反应：响应性运动切换（RMS）和全局/局部划分注意（Glo/Loc）。这些研究的结果将推动 了解与 HIV 和 METH 相关的神经异常的表现和机制。