Defining the Built Environment

定义建筑环境

• 批准号: 7189698
• 负责人: NATALIE COLABIANCHI
• 金额: $ 12.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7189698
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; body physical activity; clinical research; eating; gender difference; health behavior; housing; human subject; interview; obesity; personal log /diary; public assistance; travel

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Obesity prevalence has doubled among adolescents over the past 20 years. In particular, the number of overweight minority adolescents has increased to over 30%. While several studies show an association between attributes of the built environment with eating behaviors, physical activity, and obesity in adults, adolescents are a little studied group. Little is known about the nature and pattern of adolescents' interaction with the non-school built environment. Few researchers have examined how residents define neighborhood boundaries and what factors contribute to those definitions. Most built environment research relies on prescribed geographic boundaries such as census tracts, though many researchers have noted that these boundaries are unlikely to match an individual's perception of his/her neighborhood. A definition of neighborhood boundaries that matches resident perceptions and accurate descriptions of neighborhood resource use patterns could assist with identifying the environmental factors that contribute to the development of obesity and ultimately lead to more targeted environmental interventions to decrease the prevalence of obesity. Many studies of the built environment and obesity have concentrated on urban areas, but few have examined adolescent residents of subsidized housing complexes, though these residents often experience poor health outcomes. Ecological models of health outcomes have not guided public housing policymakers' decision-making about estate construction and placement. There are important and practical policy implications if research can demonstrate that estate location and design affect obesity prevalence. The proposed study will employ a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the effects of the self-defined built environment on the consumption and physical activity behaviors of 140 adolescent residents of public housing estates by 1) examining the feasibility of obtaining adolescents' self-defined neighborhood boundaries using a mapping exercise; 2) testing the practicality of having adolescents complete travel diaries; 3) eliciting factors that are important to adolescents in determining facility utilization, travel route preference and neighborhood boundaries; and, 4) exploring attributes of public housing estates that may influence physical activity levels and eating behaviors of adolescent public housing residents.

描述（由申请人提供） 在过去的20年中，青少年的肥胖症患病率增加了一倍。特别是，超重少数族裔青少年的数量已增加到30％以上。 虽然几项研究表明，建筑环境的属性与成年人的饮食行为，体育锻炼和肥胖之间的关联，但青少年是一个少量研究的群体。 关于青少年与非学校建筑环境的互动的性质和模式知之甚少。 很少有研究人员研究居民如何定义邻里边界以及哪些因素对这些定义造成了贡献。 大多数构建的环境研究都依赖于规定的地理界限，例如人口普查区，尽管许多研究人员指出，这些边界不太可能与个人对自己社区的看法相匹配。 与居民看法和对邻里资源使用模式的准确描述相匹配的邻里边界的定义可以帮助确定有助于肥胖发展的环境因素，并最终导致更有针对性的环境干预措施，从而降低肥胖症的流行。 许多关于建筑环境和肥胖症的研究集中在城市地区，但很少有人检查过补贴住房综合体的青少年居民，尽管这些居民经常经历不良的健康状况。 健康结果的生态模型并未指导公共住房政策制定者对房地产建设和安置的决策。 如果研究能够证明遗产位置和设计影响肥胖症患病率，则具有重要的实际政策影响。 拟议的研究将采用定量和定性方法的组合来探索自定义的建筑环境对140名公共住房庄园青少年居民的消费和体育锻炼行为的影响1）检查使用映射练习获得青少年的自我定义邻里边界的可行性； 2）测试让青少年完整旅行日记的实用性； 3）引起对青少年确定设施利用，旅行路线偏好和邻里边界的因素；以及4）探索可能影响体育活动水平和青少年公共住房居民饮食行为的公共住房属性的属性。