Defining the Built Environment

定义建筑环境

基本信息

批准号：
7140181
负责人：
NATALIE COLABIANCHI
金额：
$ 20.37万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-09-15 至 2008-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7140181
关键词：
adolescence (12-20)behavioral /social science research tag body physical activity clinical research eating gender difference health behavior housing human subject interview obesity personal log /diary public assistance travel

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Obesity prevalence has doubled among adolescents over the past 20 years. In particular, the number of overweight minority adolescents has increased to over 30%. While several studies show an association between attributes of the built environment with eating behaviors, physical activity, and obesity in adults, adolescents are a little studied group. Little is known about the nature and pattern of adolescents' interaction with the non-school built environment. Few researchers have examined how residents define neighborhood boundaries and what factors contribute to those definitions. Most built environment research relies on prescribed geographic boundaries such as census tracts, though many researchers have noted that these boundaries are unlikely to match an individual's perception of his/her neighborhood. A definition of neighborhood boundaries that matches resident perceptions and accurate descriptions of neighborhood resource use patterns could assist with identifying the environmental factors that contribute to the development of obesity and ultimately lead to more targeted environmental interventions to decrease the prevalence of obesity. Many studies of the built environment and obesity have concentrated on urban areas, but few have examined adolescent residents of subsidized housing complexes, though these residents often experience poor health outcomes. Ecological models of health outcomes have not guided public housing policymakers' decision-making about estate construction and placement. There are important and practical policy implications if research can demonstrate that estate location and design affect obesity prevalence. The proposed study will employ a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the effects of the self-defined built environment on the consumption and physical activity behaviors of 140 adolescent residents of public housing estates by 1) examining the feasibility of obtaining adolescents' self-defined neighborhood boundaries using a mapping exercise; 2) testing the practicality of having adolescents complete travel diaries; 3) eliciting factors that are important to adolescents in determining facility utilization, travel route preference and neighborhood boundaries; and, 4) exploring attributes of public housing estates that may influence physical activity levels and eating behaviors of adolescent public housing residents.

描述（由申请人提供）过去 20 年来，青少年肥胖率增加了一倍。尤其是少数族裔青少年超重人数已增至30%以上。虽然一些研究表明建筑环境的属性与成年人的饮食行为、身体活动和肥胖之间存在关联，但青少年是一个很少被研究的群体。人们对青少年与非学校建筑环境互动的性质和模式知之甚少。很少有研究人员研究过居民如何定义社区边界以及哪些因素影响了这些定义。大多数建筑环境研究依赖于规定的地理边界，例如人口普查区，尽管许多研究人员指出，这些边界不太可能与个人对其社区的看法相匹配。与居民认知相匹配的社区边界定义和对社区资源使用模式的准确描述可以帮助识别导致肥胖发展的环境因素，并最终导致更有针对性的环境干预措施，以降低肥胖的患病率。许多关于建筑环境和肥胖的研究都集中在城市地区，但很少对补贴住房小区的青少年居民进行研究，尽管这些居民的健康状况往往不佳。健康结果的生态模型并未指导公共住房政策制定者有关房地产建设和安置的决策。如果研究能够证明庄园的位置和设计会影响肥胖患病率，那么就会产生重要且实际的政策影响。本研究将采用定量与定性相结合的方法，探讨自定义建成环境对140名公共屋村青少年居民消费和身体活动行为的影响，方法是：1）考察青少年自我定义的可行性。使用绘图练习定义邻域边界； 2）测试让青少年完成旅行日记的实用性； 3) 引出对青少年决定设施利用、出行路线偏好和社区边界很重要的因素； 4) 探索可能影响青少年公共住房居民身体活动水平和饮食行为的公共住房属性。