Neural substrates of attention and orienting

注意和定向的神经基质

基本信息

批准号：
6827420
负责人：
ANNE B SERENO
金额：
$ 25.88万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-12-01 至 2007-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Visual orienting can be either generated voluntarily via cognitive control or evoked externally (reflexively) via stimulus-driven processes. In addition, orienting may be either covert (attentional shifts) or overt (eye movements). We have proposed a tonic inhibition model of attention and orienting that details specific neural substrates for these processes and their interactions. Given the known disruption of the basal ganglia and frontal lobes in Parkinson's disease (PD), this population represents an ideal test of the model. This proposal will thus carry out a systematic investigation of orienting in PD, and will be the first study to comprehensively examine performance across both of these dimensions (i.e., voluntary vs. reflexive and covert vs. overt) in this population. In the first section we will compare voluntary and reflexive overt orienting in PD and control subjects. Based on our and others' previous research, we expect PD subjects to be deficient in voluntary eye movements but, under certain conditions, to be more efficient in reflexive eye movements. In a second section, we will examine the relative importance of deficient working memory vs. failure to inhibit irrelevant information in explaining poor voluntary performance in PD, both factors having been often proposed as possible explanations for poor performance on voluntary tasks. A third section of the proposal will compare voluntary and reflexive attention in PD and control subjects. No previous study in PD has examined reflexive spatial attention independent of voluntary spatial attention. The final section of the proposal will study the effect of different sensorimotor transformations on visuospatial attention in PD. We have previously found that simple or direct stimulus-response (S-R) mappings show a different attentional time course than do more complex, indirect S-R mappings. PD patients have difficulties with some visuomotor transformations. Hence, we will examine and compare the effects of S-R mappings on attentional paradigms in PD and control subjects. All proposed experiments would systematically manipulate medication status of the PD subjects to clarify the role of medication in alleviating orienting dysfunctions in PD. Despite its obvious importance, we are unaware of any overt or covert orienting studies that have examined this issue. Finally, the results of this proposal will have important implications for our understanding and modeling of the relation between attention and overt orienting.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉取向可以通过认知控制自愿生成，或者通过刺激驱动的过程（反射性）诱发（反射性）。另外，定向可能是秘密（注意力转移）或明显的（眼动）。我们提出了一种滋补注意力和方向的补品抑制模型，详细介绍了这些过程及其相互作用的特定神经底物。鉴于帕金森氏病（PD）中基底神经节和额叶的已知破坏，该人群代表了该模型的理想测试。因此，该提案将对PD的定向进行系统的研究，并将是首次研究这两个维度（即自愿反射和秘密与公开与公开）的绩效的第一项研究。在第一部分中，我们将比较PD和控制受试者中的自愿和反身明显定向。根据我们和其他人以前的研究，我们希望PD受试者缺乏自愿的眼动，但是在某些条件下，PD受试者在反射性眼动运动中会更有效。在第二部分中，我们将研究缺乏工作记忆的相对重要性与无法抑制不相关的信息在解释PD中的自愿性能差的情况下，这两个因素通常都被认为是对自愿任务的绩效不佳的可能解释。该提案的第三部分将比较PD和控制受试者中的自愿和反思性关注。先前在PD中没有研究对反身空间关注，而与自愿的空间关注无关。该提案的最后一部分将研究不同的感觉运动转化对PD视觉空间关注的影响。我们以前已经发现，简单或直接的刺激反应（S-R）映射显示出与更复杂的间接S-R映射不同的注意力时间课程。 PD患者在某些视觉运动转化方面遇到困难。因此，我们将检查和比较S-R映射对PD和控制受试者注意范式的影响。所有提出的实验都将系统地操纵PD受试者的药物状态，以阐明药物在减轻PD中定向功能障碍中的作用。尽管其重要性很明显，但我们并不意识到研究了这个问题的任何公开或秘密的研究。最后，该提案的结果将对我们对关注和明显方向之间关系的理解和建模具有重要意义。