Adulterants, drugs, coingestants and associated HIV risk

掺假物、药物、助孕剂和相关的艾滋病毒风险

• 批准号: 7006227
• 负责人: Edward W Boyer
• 金额: $ 38.94万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7006227
• 关键词: 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; HIV infections; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; drug detection; gamma hydroxybutyrate; high performance liquid chromatography; high risk behavior /lifestyle; homosexuals; human subject; patient oriented research; sex behavior; social behavior; substance abuse related behavior; urinalysis; vasodilators

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Club drugs are a broad range of substances used in dance clubs, parties, raves, bars, and other venues. Drug formulations often contain pharmacologically active agents known as "adulterants". These substances, whose presence is unknown to users, produce undesirable effects for which MSM often take "coingestants". The use of multiple substances by MSM in high risk environments is common; even individuals who intend to use a single drug such as "ecstasy" may often receive greater than one substance because of adulterants. Adulterants, drugs, and coingestants affect human physiology and, consequently, sexual behavior and HIV risk. "Ecstasy" tablets- especially those adulterated with methamphetamine- produce impotence and prevent men from performing insertive anal intercourse. In highly sexualized environments, these MSM may engage in receptive anal sex, a behavior that increases HIV transmission risk. Viagra is paradoxically used by some MSM as a prophylaxis against HIV transmission because it promotes erection, facilitates use of a condom, and allows penetrative anal sex. Viagra also facilitates increased numbers of sexual contacts, longer periods of sexual activity, and intergenerational sex, features that may increase the risk of HIV transmission. Little is known about the phenomenon of drug, adulterant, and coingestant use. Surveys cannot examine the self-report of adulterant use, and the limited testing for adulterants in pill contents has produced suspect results. Similarly, the range of coingestants used by MSM or reasons for their use is poorly understood. Viagra may exert a bidirectional risk on HIV transmission, but no comprehensive studies have identified the outcomes of coingestant use. The specific aims are: 1) To determine the prevalence of drug, adulterant, and coingestant use based on the detection by HPLC of these substances in the urine among MSM attending venues in Provincetown, MA during summer months over a two year period; 2) To compare self-reported drug and coingestant use with the gold standard of HPLC analysis of urine for drugs, adulterants, and coingestants; and 3)To explore the association of HIV risk behaviors with drug, adulterant, and coingestant use. Before interventions can be applied to the problem of substance abuse among MSM, a rigorous definition of what comprises "drugs" used in venues of MSM social culture must be developed, as well as contexts of these substances' use. This study is important because it will develop a foundation for understanding the nature of drug, adulterant and coingestant use, as well as their impact on social behavior in a core risk group for HIV transmission. Moreover, it will compare HIV risk behaviors with biological standards of drug use. Integrating analytical laboratory science into social science methods represents an innovative interdisciplinary approach to HIV research that will provide a basis for future research on these substances.

描述（由申请人提供）： 俱乐部毒品是舞蹈俱乐部，聚会，狂欢，酒吧和其他场所中使用的广泛物质。药物制剂通常含有被称为“掺假剂”的药理活性剂。这些物质的存在是用户未知的，会产生不良的效果，MSM经常将其吸引“ coingestants”。 MSM在高风险环境中使用多种物质是常见的。即使是打算使用单一药物（例如“摇头丸”）的人，由于掺杂剂，也可能会收到大于一种物质。 掺假剂，药物和搭配者会影响人类生理学，因此会影响性行为和艾滋病毒风险。 “摇头丸”片剂 - 尤其是那些用甲基苯丙胺掺假的片剂会产生阳ot，并防止男性进行插入肛门的性交。在高度性化的环境中，这些MSM可能会进行肛交，这种行为会增加HIV传播风险。某些MSM悖论用作针对HIV传播的预防，因为它促进了勃起，促进使用避孕套并允许穿透性肛交。伟哥还促进了性接触的数量增加，性活动的较长时期和代际性别的特征，这些特征可能会增加HIV传播的风险。关于药物，掺假和搭配使用的现象知之甚少。调查无法检查掺假的自我报告，并且在药丸中对掺假剂的有限测试产生了可疑结果。同样，对MSM使用或使用的原因的含量范围很少。伟哥可能会对艾滋病毒传播施加双向风险，但没有综合研究确定使用搭配的结果。具体目的是：1）基于HPLC在MSM中对这些物质在MSM中对尿液中这些物质检测的检测，在两年内，马萨诸塞州Provincetown的场所在MSM的MSM中发现了这些药物的患病率； 2）将自我报告的药物和搭配使用者与药物，掺假剂和含糖的尿​​液分析的黄金标准进行比较； 3）探索艾滋病毒风险行为与药物，掺假和搭配的使用的关联。 在将干预措施应用于MSM之间的药物滥用问题之前，必须开发出对MSM社会文化场所中使用的“药物”的严格定义，以及这些物质使用的环境。这项研究很重要，因为它将为理解药物，通奸和搭配使用的性质以及它们对艾滋病毒传播核心风险群体中社会行为的影响奠定基础。此外，它将将HIV风险行为与药物使用的生物学标准进行比较。将分析实验室科学纳入社会科学方法是一种创新的艾滋病毒研究跨学科方法，它将为未来对这些物质的研究提供基础。