Kinematic Comparison of Speech and Nonspeech Oral Tasks

言语和非言语口语任务的运动学比较

• 批准号: 6926806
• 负责人: SUSAN SHAIMAN
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6926806
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; biomechanics; clinical research; human subject; jaw movement; neuromuscular system; paralinguistic behavior; psychomotor function; speech

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nonspeech oral movements are commonly used in the evaluation and treatment of motor speech disorders. This approach is based on the assumption that the behavior of these structures provides insight into the underlying motor control mechanisms and neurophysiological dysfunction; however, the use of nonspeech movements is a contentious issue. While often criticized, there is little basic neuromotor evidence to either support or refute this assumption. The long-term objectives of this research are to evaluate the hypothesis that speech movements and volitional nonspeech oral movements share underlying motor control mechanisms. Previous tasks selected to examine the relationship between speech and nonspeech oral motor control have exhibited substantive differences in organization and complexity that limit the extent to which a legitimate comparison can be made. This research attempts to more closely equate speech and nonspeech oral gestures to comparable levels of organization and complexity. A motor learning paradigm of nonspeech tasks will be implemented that will consider the goals of movement (e.g., intraoral air pressure, labial displacement), the overlapping nature of sequential gestures, and the degree of learning and automaticity. Articulatory kinematic characteristics of speech and nonspeech gestures will be compared both prior to and subsequent to implementation of the motor learning paradigm. Additionally, generalization of the highly-learned nonspeech tasks to other nonspeech tasks of varying similarity will be evaluated. Once the associations and disparities between speech and nonspeech oral movements have been explored, future research will evaluate whether complex, coordinated nonspeech tasks trained to automaticity will generalize to speech tasks. The transfer of learning from nonspeech behaviors to speech production would implicate a common or related control process for the two motor behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：非言语口腔运动通常用于运动性言语障碍的评估和治疗。这种方法基于这样的假设：这些结构的行为可以深入了解潜在的运动控制机制和神经生理功能障碍；然而，非言语动作的使用是一个有争议的问题。虽然经常受到批评，但几乎没有基本的神经运动证据来支持或反驳这一假设。这项研究的长期目标是评估以下假设：言语运动和意志非言语口腔运动共享潜在的运动控制机制。先前选择用于检查言语和非言语口腔运动控制之间关系的任务在组织和复杂性方面表现出实质性差异，这限制了进行合理比较的程度。这项研究试图将言语和非言语口头手势更紧密地等同于可比的组织和复杂程度。将实施非言语任务的运动学习范例，该范例将考虑运动目标（例如口内气压、唇位移）、连续手势的重叠性质以及学习和自动化程度。将在执行运动学习范例之前和之后比较语音和非语音手势的关节运动学特征。此外，还将评估高度学习的非语音任务对具有不同相似性的其他非语音任务的泛化。一旦探索了语音和非语音口腔运动之间的关联和差异，未来的研究将评估经过自动化训练的复杂、协调的非语音任务是否可以推广到语音任务。从非言语行为到言语产生的学习迁移将暗示这两种运动行为有一个共同或相关的控制过程。