Adsorption of Gas Phase Contaminants

气相污染物的吸附

• 批准号: 7168709
• 负责人: CLAUDIU T LUNGU
• 金额: $ 17.41万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-03 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7168709
• 关键词: adsorption; air pollution control; air treatment; atmospheric pressure; biomedical equipment development; carbon; chemical models; environmental air flow; evaluation /testing; gas; glass; humidity; occupational health /safety; phenols; resin; temperature; user protection

DESCRIPTION: Respiratory protection represents the last resort for protection against harmful contaminants. However, in their daily work activity a large number of workers rely on respirators for their protection. In the case of gas phase contaminants, cartridges containing adsorbing material are used to remove the gases and vapors from the breathing zone. Pure or impregnated Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) is the main adsorbent used in respirators for a large number of vapors and gases which may exist in the workplace. A number of drawbacks including low capacity, low selectivity and the requirement of expensive and sometime difficult to wear cartridges as containment, makes GAC a less than ideal adsorbent. Activated Carbon Fibers (ACF) present a number of advantages over GAC including better adsorption capacity and faster kinetics, but they are much more expensive than GAC and have not been considered a viable alternative. The development of a new ACF family using inexpensive glass fibers as a substrate for carbonized phenolic resin makes ACF more competitive. The new microporous composite materials, Fibrous Porous Materials (FPMs) have shown improved adsorption performance over GAC in the adsorption of a number of compounds. However their use in respiratory protection has not yet been explored. The research proposed here aims to investigate the properties of the FPMs relevant to their use in respiratory protection against gas phase contaminants. This research will bring a better understanding of the ACF adsorption process in general and the applicability of these materials for respiratory protection by investigating: 1. The adsorption characteristics of FPMs for a number of gases, vapors and mixtures under dynamic conditions, 2. The applicability of relevant adsorption models to predict the adsorption efficiency and service life of respiratory devices using FPMs, 3. The effect of fiber orientation and packing density on the pressure drop and adsorption efficiency of cartridges using FPMs.

描述：呼吸防护是防止有害污染物的最后手段。然而，在日常工作活动中，大量工人 依靠呼吸器进行保护。对于气相污染物，含有吸附材料的滤筒用于去除呼吸区的气体和蒸汽。纯或浸渍颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 是呼吸器中使用的主要吸附剂，可吸附工作场所中可能存在的大量蒸气和气体。 GAC 的许多缺点包括容量低、选择性低以及需要昂贵且有时难以磨损的滤筒作为密封装置，使得 GAC 成为一种不太理想的吸附剂。 活性碳纤维 (ACF) 比 GAC 具有许多优势，包括更好的吸附能力和更快的动力学，但它们比 GAC 昂贵得多，并且尚未被认为是可行的替代品。 使用廉价玻璃纤维作为碳化酚醛树脂基材的新型 ACF 系列的开发使 ACF 更具竞争力。新型微孔复合材料纤维多孔材料（FPM）在吸附多种化合物方面表现出比 GAC 更高的吸附性能。然而，它们在呼吸保护方面的应用尚未得到探索。这里提出的研究旨在调查 FPM 与其在气相污染物呼吸防护中的使用相关的特性。 这项研究将通过研究以下内容，更好地了解 ACF 吸附过程以及这些材料在呼吸保护方面的适用性： 1. FPM在动态条件下对多种气体、蒸汽和混合物的吸附特性， 2.相关吸附模型在预测使用FPM的呼吸装置的吸附效率和使用寿命方面的适用性， 3. 纤维取向和填充密度对使用 FPM 的滤芯的压降和吸附效率的影响。