Vicarious Dissonance, Attitude Change & Social Identity

替代性不和谐，态度改变

• 批准号: 6617935
• 负责人: Joel Cooper
• 金额: $ 18.56万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6617935
• 关键词: attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; cancer prevention; clinical research; cognition disorders; health behavior; human subject; peer group; skin neoplasms; social psychology; sunscreens

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In order to minimize people putting themselves at risk for physical and mental disease, it is important to be able to influence their attitudes and behaviors on health related matters. The proposed work suggests a theoretically based way to influence attitudes and behaviors and culminates in a study designed to influence young people to reduce their risk of contracting skin cancer. The research examines the possibility that people's attitudes can change vicariously from the actions of another person. The proposed research specifically addresses vicarious dissonance. The vicarious dissonance hypothesis holds that a person who observes others behaving in a manner inconsistent with their attitudes has the potential to experience cognitive dissonance vicariously, provided that the actor is a member of the observer's social group. The hypothesis combines dissonance with the theoretical construct of social identity. It is suggested that people who share a common group membership, and who feel strongly identified with their group, tend to take on the characteristics, emotions and motivations of the group's prototypical member. Thus, if a group member acts in such a way that produces dissonance in him or herself, it will also produce dissonance in other group members. Even though the other group members did not act in an attitude discrepant fashion, they will nonetheless experience pressure to change their own attitudes. The research in the proposal is divided into four parts. In Part I, experiments are designed to show that people change their attitudes as a function of the counterattitudinal behavior of other members of their own group and that the attitude change is indeed based on the process of cognitive dissonance. In Part II, experiments directly assess the social identity hypothesis and are designed to study the importance of the prototypicality of the participant, the actor and the attitude issue. Part III experimentally manipulates the strength of group identification and also examines the relative contributions of interpersonal and intragroup identification. Part IV seeks to demonstrate the impact of vicarious dissonance on an important health-related attitude and behavior. The work is directed toward convincing people at risk of skin cancer to use sun block more frequently and effectively.

描述（由申请人提供）：为了最大程度地减少人们罹患身心疾病的风险，能够影响他们对健康相关问题的态度和行为非常重要。拟议的工作提出了一种基于理论的方法来影响态度和行为，并最终形成了一项旨在影响年轻人降低患皮肤癌风险的研究。该研究探讨了人们的态度可能会因他人的行为而发生间接改变的可能性。拟议的研究专门针对替代性失调。替代性失调假说认为，如果观察者是观察者所在社会群体的成员，那么观察到他人的行为方式与其态度不一致的人就有可能间接体验到认知失调。该假设将不和谐与社会认同的理论建构结合起来。研究表明，拥有共同群体成员身份、对群体有强烈认同感的人，往往会呈现群体典型成员的特征、情感和动机。因此，如果一个团体成员的行为方式在他或她自己中产生不和谐，它也会在其他团体成员中产生不和谐。即使其他小组成员的行为态度没有差异，他们仍然会感受到改变自己态度的压力。提案中的研究分为四个部分。在第一部分中，实验旨在表明人们会根据自己群体中其他成员的反态度行为来改变自己的态度，并且态度的改变确实是基于认知失调的过程。在第二部分中，实验直接评估社会身份假设，旨在研究参与者、行动者和态度问题的原型性的重要性。第三部分通过实验操纵群体认同的强度，并检验人际和群体内认同的相对贡献。第四部分试图证明替代性失调对重要的健康相关态度和行为的影响。这项工作旨在说服有皮肤癌风险的人更频繁、更有效地使用防晒霜。