Gustatory and Olfactory Changes with Age

味觉和嗅觉随年龄的变化

• 批准号: 6698111
• 负责人: SUSAN S SCHIFFMAN
• 金额: $ 38.5万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-12-01 至 2007-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6698111
• 关键词: aging; alprazolam; antiarrhythmic agent; anticholinergic agent; antidepressants; antihypertensive agents; behavior test; clinical research; clonidine; cognition disorders; drug adverse effect; drug screening /evaluation; hearing; human old age (65+); human subject; olfactions; patient oriented research; pharmacokinetics; sensory disorders; statistics /biometry; taste; vision; xerostomias

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adverse sensory and cognitive side effects from prescription medications can lead to noncompliance and thus jeopardize the health and well-being of older individuals. However, the prevalence of these effects in the population, their severity, their time course, their specificity, their reversibility, and their underlying causes/mechanisms has not been quantified in prospective studies. This hypothesis-driven study will investigate the role of anticholinergic activity as a mechanism for sensory and cognitive side-effects of medications. Over 250 drugs (including 47.5 percent of the 131 most frequently prescribed medications as measured by IMS America's National Prescription Audit) have been reported clinically to impair the senses of taste and/or smell. Most of these drugs are also associated clinically with impaired vision, audition, somesthesis and/or cognition. Of the drugs that cause taste, smell and other sensory/cognitive distortions, a significant proportion has anticholinergic activity (e.g. reduced salivary secretion/dry mouth, dilated pupils/blurred vision, altered cognitive function including memory loss and contusion), and these adverse drug reactions are reported more frequently in older individuals. This prospective study will determine the effects of medications taken systemically on the chemical senses as well as vision, audition, somesthesis, and cognition. Three hypotheses will be tested: a) Medications that exhibit anticholinergic activity (group 1) will impair all the senses (taste, smell, vision, audition, somesthesis) and cognition. For these drugs, the magnitude of loss will be related to the level of anticholinergic activity as measured by total salivary flow. The degree of sensory impairment will also be correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction. The magnitude of loss is expected to increase with the number of anticholinergic drugs taken. b) Medications that are reported clinically to cause taste and smell impairments but have no anticholinergic side-effects (group 2) are predicted to impair taste and smell as measured psychophysically but will not impair cognitive function. They may or may not alter the senses of vision and audition. c) Changes in taste and smell sensitivity will be found for medications in groups I and 2 both over time and in comparison to a control group not on medications. These studies will provide evidence-based data for physicians and patients on relative risks, magnitude, progression, and potential reversibility of drug-induced sensory and cognitive side-effects of medications in elderly people.

描述（由申请人提供）：不利的感觉和认知副作用 从处方药中可能导致不符合规定，从而危及 老年人的健康和福祉。但是，这些流行率 对人口的影响，他们的严重程度，时间课程，他们 特异性，它们的可逆性及其根本原因/机制具有 在前瞻性研究中未量化。这项假设驱动的研究将 研究抗胆碱能活性作为感觉和 药物的认知副作用。超过250种药物（包括47.5％ 在IMS America的131种最常处方药中 国家处方审计）已在临床上报告以损害感官 口味和/或气味。这些药物中的大多数也与 视力，试镜，囊和/或认知受损。毒品 导致味道，气味和其他感觉/认知扭曲，这是重大的 比例具有抗胆碱能活性（例如，唾液分泌减少/干燥 嘴，瞳孔扩张/视力模糊，认知功能改变了 记忆力丧失和挫伤），据报道这些不良药物反应更多 经常在老年人中。这项前瞻性研究将确定 全身采取的药物对化学感官以及 视觉，试听，躯体说和认知。将测试三个假设： a）表现出抗胆碱能活性的药物（第1组）将损害所有 感官（味道，气味，视觉，试听，散文）和认知。为了 这些药物，损失的幅度将与 通过总唾液流量测量的抗胆碱能活性。程度 感觉障碍也将与认知程度相关 功能障碍。随着数量的数量，损失的幅度有望增加 服用抗胆碱能药物。 b）在临床上报告的药物 造成味道和气味障碍，但没有抗胆碱能的副作用 （第2组）被预测会损害心理物理的味道和气味 但不会损害认知功能。他们可能会或可能不会改变 视觉和试镜。 c）会发现味道和气味敏感性的变化 随着时间的时间和对照的比较，对于第I组和2组的药物 小组不使用药物。这些研究将为证据数据提供 医师和患者的相对风险，大小，进展和 药物引起的感觉和认知副作用的潜在可逆性 老年人的药物。