HIGH RESOLUTION CARDIOVASCULAR FLAT-PANEL X-RAY IMAGER

高分辨率心血管平板 X 射线成像仪

基本信息

批准号：
6704089
负责人：
Andrew Karellas
金额：
$ 58.05万
依托单位：
EMORY UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-08-01 至 2004-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Recent advances in cardiovascular imaging have contributed to the development of new, widely used lifesaving x-ray interventional procedures. This has prompted concerns about the radiation dose- efficiency of present equipment and techniques. When the equipment is not capable of delivering excellent image quality for visualizing subtle or small vasculature required for challenging diagnostic or therapeutic interventional procedures, physicians have little choice but to prolong fluoroscopy or acquire more cine views. This research is aimed at designing, developing and evaluating a new type of high resolution imaging device for cardiac x-ray fluoroscopy and cine imaging. This effort follows the successful research conducted by our group in the past four years to adapt charge-coupled device (CCD) technology to digital mammographic imaging applications. The device will be a CCD-based flat panel detector consisting of four 8 cm x 8 cm CCDs joined in a seamless design to form an area of 16 cm x 16 cm (6.3 x 6.3 inch, 8.9 inch diagonal). The design takes advantage of the low-noise characteristics for which CCDs are known, with a new interline charge transfer design for 30 frame/s or even 60 frames/s fluoroscopic video. The proposed detector and technique circumvents problems due to image lag (smearing), associated with other types of flat panel detectors and is radically different from any other detector of its kind. As far as we know, large scientific grade CCDs have never been developed to operate in the interline transfer mode for video frame rate imaging for x-ray fluoroscopy or any other application. Our system will be x-ray quantum-noise limited and unlike image intensifier systems, it will be free of geometric distortion and veiling glare effects which cause significant loss of contrast. The new system will be able to deliver better detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and spatial resolution in both fluoroscopic and radiographic modes than existing image intensifier-based systems. The improved contrast characteristics would enable better visualization of cardiovascular anatomy and functionality at a reduced radiation dose to the patient. The research will involve the design and manufacturing of the CCD which will be followed by comprehensive adaptation of the device to the fluoroscopic and radiographic tasks. Investigation of the imaging characteristics of the detection system will be conducted through objective and universally accepted metrics such as modulation transfer function (MTF) and frequency dependent detective quantum efficiency (DQE).

心血管成像的最新进展促进了新型、广泛使用的救生 X 射线介入手术的开发。这引起了人们对现有设备和技术的辐射剂量效率的担忧。当设备无法提供卓越的图像质量来可视化具有挑战性的诊断或治疗介入手术所需的微妙或小型脉管系统时，医生别无选择，只能延长透视或获取更多电影视图。本研究旨在设计、开发和评估一种用于心脏 X 射线透视和电影成像的新型高分辨率成像设备。这项工作是我们小组在过去四年中成功研究将电荷耦合器件 (CCD) 技术应用于数字乳腺 X 线摄影成像应用的结果。该设备将是一个基于 CCD 的平板探测器，由四个 8 厘米 x 8 厘米 CCD 组成，它们以无缝设计连接在一起，形成 16 厘米 x 16 厘米（6.3 x 6.3 英寸，8.9 英寸对角线）的区域。该设计利用了 CCD 众所周知的低噪声特性，采用新的行间电荷传输设计，可实现 30 帧/秒甚至 60 帧/秒的荧光视频。所提出的检测器和技术避免了与其他类型的平板检测器相关的图像滞后（拖尾）导致的问题，并且与任何其他同类检测器截然不同。据我们所知，大型科学级 CCD 从未被开发用于在 X 射线透视或任何其他应用的视频帧率成像的行间传输模式下运行。我们的系统将受到 X 射线量子噪声的限制，并且与图像增强器系统不同，它将不会出现导致对比度显着损失的几何畸变和遮蔽眩光效应。与现有基于图像增强器的系统相比，新系统将能够在荧光镜和放射线照相模式下提供更好的探测量子效率（DQE）和空间分辨率。改进的对比度特性将能够在减少对患者的辐射剂量的情况下更好地可视化心血管解剖结构和功能。该研究将涉及 CCD 的设计和制造，然后使该设备全面适应荧光透视和射线照相任务。将通过客观且普遍接受的指标（例如调制传递函数（MTF）和频率相关检测量子效率（DQE））对检测系统的成像特性进行研究。