Climate change-driven extinction in planktonic foraminifera

气候变化导致浮游有孔虫灭绝

• 批准号: 2292922
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2292922
• 关键词: Climate; change; driven; extinction; planktonic

Ongoing declines in biodiversity call for accurate predictions of extinction risk arising from climate change. Long-term studies of evolutionary response to climate change require investigation of the fossil record, but very few fossil records allow us to make highly resolved reconstructions of evolution. The exceptionally well-preserved fossil record of planktonic foraminifera, an abundant and wide-spread group of marine zooplankton, allows for detailed analyses of evolutionary change across diverse environmental settings and climate states. Planktonic foraminifera diversity has decreased steadily over the past 5 million years [1,2]. Over this interval Earth's climate transitioned from a warm distinctly unipolar (Antarctic) glacial climate state to become cold enough to support large ice polar sheets in both hemispheres; initially during ~41 thousand year (kyr)-paced glacial cycles, eventually during the large ~100 kyr-paced Ice Age cycles [3]. It is widely suggested that climate played a role in this decline in diversity, but the causes of individual extinctions remain unknown. This project will study all 46 extinctions of planktonic foraminifera species in the past 5 million years in order to investigate common driving mechanisms and early warning signals. Changes in shell size and shape of extinct-going and surviving species will be compared to local records of environmental change using multivariate statistical techniques [4] to test for threshold response behaviour to climate change-forcing.

生物多样性的持续下降需要准确预测气候变化引起的灭绝风险。对气候变化的进化反应的长期研究需要对化石记录进行调查，但很少有化石记录能让我们对进化进行高分辨率的重建。浮游有孔虫是一种丰富且分布广泛的海洋浮游动物，保存完好的化石记录可以对不同环境条件和气候状态下的进化变化进行详细分析。 过去 500 万年里，浮游有孔虫多样性稳步下降 [1,2]。在此期间，地球气候从明显温暖的单极（南极）冰川气候状态转变为足够寒冷以支持两个半球的大冰盖；最初是在约 41 千年 (kyr) 节奏的冰川周期期间，最终是在约 100 kyr 节奏的大冰河时代周期期间 [3]。人们普遍认为气候在多样性下降中发挥了作用，但个体灭绝的原因仍然未知。 该项目将研究过去500万年来浮游有孔虫物种的全部46次灭绝，以研究共同的驱动机制和预警信号。将使用多元统计技术[4]将濒临灭绝和幸存物种的壳尺寸和形状的变化与当地环境变化记录进行比较，以测试对气候变化强迫的阈值响应行为。