The Socioeconomic Impact of Native American Casinos

美洲原住民赌场的社会经济影响

• 批准号: 6694044
• 负责人: WILLIAM N. EVANS
• 金额: $ 23.39万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6694044
• 关键词: Socioeconomic; Impact; Native; American; Casinos

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Native Americans living on reservations have historically been one of the poorest groups in the United States. In the late 1980s, a series of legal rulings and accompanying Federal legislation allowed tribes in some states to run casinos on reservations. As a result of these laws, about 200 of the 556 federally-recognized tribes run about 310 gaming centers, of which 220 are Las Vegas-style casinos with slot machines and/or table games. Given the large number of tribes that have embraced casino gaming as an economic development program, it is worth considering whether Indians on reservations have benefited from these operations. As the legal and legislative controversies surrounding tribal-owned gaming persist, the interest in this question continues to grow. The authors of this proposal are currently involved in the first nationwide evaluation of the social and economic impact of Native American-owned gaming operations on tribes and their surrounding communities. Using aggregate tribe-level data from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Evans and Topoleski demonstrate that on average, five years after a tribe opens a casino, reservation population increased 20 percent, employment rose by 55 percent, the employment to population ratio increased by 25 percent, and the percentage of workers living in poverty by a third. In this proposal, we outline a research program that uses restricted-use data from the 1990 and 2000 Census longform samples to examine the impact of gambling on people who live on or near reservations. The long-form samples are sent to one in six households and contain a wealth of social, demographic, and economic information about households and their members. Public-use versions of this data do not contain enough geographic detail to place households in particular tribes or on reservations, but detailed geographic data are available on restricted-use versions of the data set, available for use at the Center for Economic Studies at the U.S. Census Bureau, a few miles from the University of Maryland Campus. Given the structure of most operations and the available data, we plan to investigate the following questions concerning the impact of gaming. What is the impact of Native American-owned gaming operations on the employment, wages, earnings, and incomes of those living on or near reservations? Who benefits most from gaming operations: Indians or non-Indians, males or females, high or low educated, established residents or new residents? As gaming operations have brought more money and jobs into tribes, has the historically poor housing stock on reservations improved? Has the rapid economic change on reservations generated by casinos changed family life through fertility, marriage, or divorce? Is educational attainment increasing as tribes use gaming profits to foster human capital accumulation?

描述（由申请人提供）：居住在保留期的美洲原住民历史上一直是美国最贫穷的群体之一。在1980年代后期，一系列法律裁决和伴随的联邦立法允许某些州的部落在保留期间经营赌场。由于这些法律的结果，大约556个联邦认可的部落中约有200个经营着310个游戏中心，其中220个是拉斯维加斯风格的赌场，带有老虎机和/或桌子游戏。鉴于大量将赌场游戏作为经济发展计划的部落，值得考虑的是印第安人在保留方面是否从这些行动中受益。随着围绕部落拥有游戏的法律和立法争议持续存在，对这个问题的兴趣不断增长。该提案的作者目前参与了对美洲原住民游戏业务对部落及其周围社区的社会和经济影响的首次评估。埃文斯（Evans）和托普尔斯基（Evans and Topoleski）使用来自印度事务局的总部落级数据，表明，在部落开设赌场五年后，平均而言，保留人口增加了20％，就业人数增长了55％，就业人口比率增长了25％，而贫困人口的百分比增加了三分之一。 在此提案中，我们概述了一项研究计划，该计划使用1990年和2000年人口普查样本的限制使用数据来检查赌博对生活或附近保留地的人的影响。长期样本被发送到六分之一的家庭，并包含有关家庭及其成员的大量社会，人口和经济信息。这些数据的公共用途版本不包含足够的地理细节来将家庭放置在特定部落或预订上，但是可以在数据集的限制使用版本上获得详细的地理数据，该数据集可在美国人口普查局的经济研究中心使用，距离马里兰大学校园几英里。鉴于大多数操作和可用数据的结构，我们计划研究有关游戏影响的以下问题。 居住在保留或附近的人的就业，工资，收入和收入对美国原住民游戏业务的影响是什么？谁能从游戏行动中受益：印第安人或非印度人，男性或女性，受过良好教育，知名居民或新居民？ 随着游戏业务为部落带来了更多的钱和工作，历史上贫困的住房库存是否有所改善？ 赌场产生的保留的快速经济变化是否通过生育，婚姻或离婚改变了家庭生活？ 随着部落利用游戏利润来促进人力资本的积累，教育程度是否会增加？