The Socioeconomic Impact of Native American Casinos

美洲原住民赌场的社会经济影响

• 批准号: 6694044
• 负责人: WILLIAM N. EVANS
• 金额: $ 23.39万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6694044
• 关键词: Socioeconomic; Impact; Native; American; Casinos

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Native Americans living on reservations have historically been one of the poorest groups in the United States. In the late 1980s, a series of legal rulings and accompanying Federal legislation allowed tribes in some states to run casinos on reservations. As a result of these laws, about 200 of the 556 federally-recognized tribes run about 310 gaming centers, of which 220 are Las Vegas-style casinos with slot machines and/or table games. Given the large number of tribes that have embraced casino gaming as an economic development program, it is worth considering whether Indians on reservations have benefited from these operations. As the legal and legislative controversies surrounding tribal-owned gaming persist, the interest in this question continues to grow. The authors of this proposal are currently involved in the first nationwide evaluation of the social and economic impact of Native American-owned gaming operations on tribes and their surrounding communities. Using aggregate tribe-level data from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Evans and Topoleski demonstrate that on average, five years after a tribe opens a casino, reservation population increased 20 percent, employment rose by 55 percent, the employment to population ratio increased by 25 percent, and the percentage of workers living in poverty by a third. In this proposal, we outline a research program that uses restricted-use data from the 1990 and 2000 Census longform samples to examine the impact of gambling on people who live on or near reservations. The long-form samples are sent to one in six households and contain a wealth of social, demographic, and economic information about households and their members. Public-use versions of this data do not contain enough geographic detail to place households in particular tribes or on reservations, but detailed geographic data are available on restricted-use versions of the data set, available for use at the Center for Economic Studies at the U.S. Census Bureau, a few miles from the University of Maryland Campus. Given the structure of most operations and the available data, we plan to investigate the following questions concerning the impact of gaming. What is the impact of Native American-owned gaming operations on the employment, wages, earnings, and incomes of those living on or near reservations? Who benefits most from gaming operations: Indians or non-Indians, males or females, high or low educated, established residents or new residents? As gaming operations have brought more money and jobs into tribes, has the historically poor housing stock on reservations improved? Has the rapid economic change on reservations generated by casinos changed family life through fertility, marriage, or divorce? Is educational attainment increasing as tribes use gaming profits to foster human capital accumulation?

描述（由申请人提供）：生活在保留地的美洲原住民历来是美国最贫困的群体之一。 20 世纪 80 年代末，一系列法律裁决和相应的联邦立法允许一些州的部落在保留地经营赌场。由于这些法律的实施，556 个联邦认可的部落中约有 200 个部落经营约 310 个游戏中心，其中 220 个是拉斯维加斯风格的赌场，配有老虎机和/或桌面游戏。鉴于大量部落已将赌场博彩作为一项经济发展计划，值得考虑的是保留地的印第安人是否从这些业务中受益。随着围绕部落博彩的法律和立法争议持续存在，人们对这个问题的兴趣持续增长。该提案的作者目前正在参与首次全国性评估，评估美洲原住民拥有的博彩业务对部落及其周边社区的社会和经济影响。埃文斯和托波尔斯基利用印第安人事务局的部落层面汇总数据证明，平均而言，部落开设赌场五年后，保留地人口增加了 20%，就业增加了 55%，就业与人口的比率增加了 25%。 %，生活在贫困中的工人比例增加了三分之一。 在本提案中，我们概述了一项研究计划，该计划使用 1990 年和 2000 年人口普查长格式样本中的限制使用数据来研究赌博对居住在保留地或附近的人们的影响。长格式样本被发送给六分之一的家庭，其中包含有关家庭及其成员的大量社会、人口和经济信息。该数据的公共使用版本不包含足够的地理详细信息，无法将家庭定位在特定部落或保留地，但详细的地理数据可在该数据集的限制使用版本上获得，可供经济研究中心使用美国人口普查局，距离马里兰大学校园几英里。鉴于大多数操作的结构和可用数据，我们计划调查以下有关游戏影响的问题。 美洲原住民拥有的博彩业务对生活在保留地或附近的人们的就业、工资、收入和收入有何影响？谁从博彩运营中受益最多：印度人还是非印度人、男性还是女性、受教育程度高还是低、老居民还是新居民？ 随着博彩业务为部落带来了更多的金钱和就业机会，预订地里历史上匮乏的住房存量是否有所改善？ 赌场带来的快速经济变化是否通过生育、结婚或离婚改变了家庭生活？ 随着部落利用博彩利润促进人力资本积累，教育程度是否会提高？