Impact of individual- and neighborhood-level risk factors on brain responses to smoking cues among and across racial groups

个人和社区层面的危险因素对不同种族群体中吸烟线索的大脑反应的影响

• 批准号: 10352840
• 负责人: D. PHUONG DO
• 金额: $ 9.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10352840
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Advertising; African American; African American population; Age; Alaska Native; American Indians; Behavior; Biological; Black Populations; Brain; Brain imaging; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Chronic stress; Cigarette; Clinical Trials; Cognitive; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Disease; Elements; Emotions; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Exposure to; Financial Hardship; Health; Heart Diseases; High Prevalence; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Link; Literature; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Menthol; Neighborhoods; Neurobiology; Nicotine Withdrawal; Not Hispanic or Latino; Outcome; Pattern; Play; Poverty; Predictive Factor; Process; Race; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Self Medication; Shapes; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stimulus; Stress; Stroke; Texas; Tobacco; Treatment Efficacy; Violence; Wisconsin; addiction; base; cigarette smoking; cue reactivity; design; effective intervention; environmental tobacco smoke exposure; ethnic difference; evidence base; experience; high risk; neighborhood disadvantage; neurobiological mechanism; nicotine use; non-smoker; positive emotional state; preventable death; programs; racial and ethnic; racial difference; racial disparity; racism; recruit; response; secondary analysis; smoking addiction; smoking cessation; smoking cue; smoking initiation; smoking intervention; smoking prevalence; smoking-related disease; social factors; stressor; success; tool; treatment disparity

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths, with half a million occurring in the U.S. However, this burden is not borne equally. For example, although African Americans (AAs) have a comparable smoking prevalence to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), they are more likely to die from smoking-related diseases. Further, AAs have lower smoking cessation rates than NHWs. Consequently, AAs have greater lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke, which increases the risk of tobacco-related disease. The reasons underlying these racial disparities in treatment efficacy are not completely understood and appear even among clinical trials with equal treatments. We currently understand smoking to be initiated and maintained through several neurobiological processes, including enhancement of positive emotion, reduction of negative emotion and/or stress, and avoidance of nicotine withdrawal. Thus, neurobiological assessment might inform the development of more effective smoking cessation interventions. A promising neurobiological metric, cue reactivity, is associated with addiction intensity and has been shown to be predictive of cessation. However, few studies have examined racial differences in cue reactivity. Thus, little is known about neurobiological mechanisms that might underlie differences in smoking and/or cessation success across racial/ethnic groups. Further no cue reactivity research has examined the relationship between neighborhood-level correlates of tobacco disparities (e.g., neighborhood poverty, crime) and cue reactivity. It is theorized that residents who are exposed to chronic neighborhoods stressors, including disadvantage, violence, and crime, use nicotine as self- medication against stress. Neighborhood disadvantage and its correlates are associated with not only higher prevalence of smoking, but also decreased likelihood of quitting, and higher likelihood of smoking initiation. Hence, it is possible that heightened and chronic exposure to stressors at both the individual and neighborhood levels, which is disproportionately prevalent among AAs, help shape the racial patterning of responses to smoking-related stimuli. Using data of African American and non-Hispanic White smokers recruited from Houston, Texas and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, this study will investigate the relationship between race, individual factors, mentholated cigarette usage (given the disproportionate popularity of mentholated cigarettes among AAs), and neighborhood-level stressors, including neighborhood poverty and crime, and cue reactivity. Study results will help elucidate the key individual- and neighborhood-level factors that predict and/or modify cue reactivity levels.

吸烟是可预防死亡的主要原因，在美国发生了50万个 但是，这种负担并非平等承担。例如，尽管非裔美国人（AAS）有 与非西班牙裔白人（NHWS）相当的吸烟流行率，它们更有可能死亡 来自与吸烟有关的疾病。此外，与NHW相比，AAS的吸烟率较低。 因此，AA的终身暴露于烟草烟雾，这增加了风险 与烟草有关的疾病。这些种族差异在治疗功效中的原因 尚未完全理解，即使在具有同等治疗的临床试验中也出现。 我们目前了解吸烟是通过几个 神经生物学过程，包括增强积极情绪，减少负面 情绪和/或压力，并避免戒断尼古丁。因此，神经生物学评估 可能会告知开发更有效的戒烟干预措施。有希望的 神经生物学指标，提示反应性与成瘾强度有关，并且已经存在 被证明是停止的预测。 但是，很少有研究检查了提示反应性的种族差异。因此，鲜为人知 关于可能是吸烟和/或停止差异的神经生物学机制 种族/族裔群体的成功。此外，没有提示反应性研究研究了 烟草差异的邻居级别相关性之间的关系（例如邻里 贫困，犯罪）和提示反应性。理论上，暴露于慢性的居民 社区强调，包括劣势，暴力和犯罪，将尼古丁用作自我 抵抗压力的药物。邻里劣势及其相关性与 不仅吸烟的患病率更高，而且戒烟的可能性也降低，较高 吸烟启动的可能性。因此，有可能增加并长期暴露于 个体和邻里水平的压力源，这是普遍不成比例的 在AAS中，有助于塑造对吸烟相关刺激的反应的种族模式。 使用从休斯顿招募的非裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人吸烟者的数据 得克萨斯州和威斯康星州密尔沃基，这项研究将调查种族之间的关系， 个体因素，薄荷香烟的使用（考虑到不成比例的普及 AAS和邻里水平的压力源（包括邻里）中的薄荷香烟 贫穷和犯罪，以及提示反应性。研究结果将有助于阐明关键个体和 预测和/或修改提示反应水平的邻居级别因素。