DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR GRASPING OBJECTS

制定有效的抓取物体的策略

• 批准号: 6636959
• 负责人: AMY E NEEDHAM
• 金额: $ 12.93万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-04 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6636959
• 关键词: attention; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; biomechanics; child behavior; child physical development; clinical research; form /pattern perception; hand; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); performance; preschool child (1-5); psychomotor function; videotape /videodisc; visual perception; visual stimulus

The goal of the proposed research is to investigate the development of infants' ability to grasp objects effectively by accommodating their hands to object properties prior to grasping the object. The experiments in this proposal are designed to (a) discover new (as yet unstudied) kinds of object properties that infants may manually anticipate, (b) investigate whether automatization of infants' actions or knowledge about optimal grasping strategies influences infants' production of these behaviors, and (c) determine whether there are learning or practice contexts that facilitate the development of these behaviors. These issues are addressed in 18 proposed experiments organized into four sections. The first section consists of studies that explore infants' anticipation of object properties that have yet to be studied, with the hope of determining whether there is consistency in the age at which infants display manual anticipatory behaviors across different physical properties of objects. The second section uses a dual-task paradigm to determine whether the addition of a second simultaneous task affects older infants' ability to display these anticipatory behaviors. The third section uses visual tasks to determine whether or not infants can differentiate appropriate from inappropriate ways of acting upon objects prior to the time that they produce these behaviors themselves. And finally, the fourth section examines three different learning contexts that may facilitate the development of these anticipatory grasping behaviors. The proposed research will add to our understanding of how young infants reach for objects and could also lead to clues about one of the most perplexing puzzles of infant research in the past 15 years: why young infants display such dazzling competencies when tested with visually-based experimental procedures, yet do not typically reveal these same abilities or expectations when tested with manually-based measures.

拟议的研究的目的是通过在抓住对象之前将双手容纳对物质进行有效掌握物体的能力的发展。 该提案中的实验旨在（a）发现婴儿可以手动预测的新（尚未研究）的对象特性，（b）研究婴儿对婴儿的行为或知识是否影响婴儿的最佳掌握策略会影响婴儿的产生这些行为，以及（c）确定是否有学习或实践环境来促进这些行为行为的发展。这些问题在组织为四个部分的18个拟议实验中得到了解决。 第一部分包括探索婴儿对尚未研究的对象特性的期望，希望确定婴儿在对象的不同物理特性上显示手动预期行为的年龄是否存在一致性。 第二部分使用双任务范式来确定添加第二次同时任务是否会影响老年婴儿显示这些预期行为的能力。 第三部分使用视觉任务来确定婴儿是否可以在产生这些行为本身之前对物体行事的不适当方式。 最后，第四部分研究了三种不同的学习环境，这些环境可能有助于发展这些预期的掌握行为。拟议的研究将增加我们对年轻婴儿如何达到物体的理解，并可能导致过去15年中最令人困惑的婴儿研究难题之一的线索：为什么年轻的婴儿在通过视觉上进行基于视觉的实验程序进行测试时表现出如此耀眼的能力，而通常在对手动基于手动测量的测试中表现出相同的能力或期望。