Brain Mapping and Genetics of Executive Function in ADHD

ADHD 执行功能的脑图谱和遗传学

• 批准号: 6820050
• 负责人: Marie T Banich
• 金额: $ 30.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6820050
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); attention deficit disorder; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; brain mapping; clinical research; cognition; functional ability; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; neurogenetics; neuropathology; neurophysiology; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; prefrontal lobe /cortex; short term memory; twin /multiplet; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this application is to elucidate the brain systems that underlie the deficiencies in attentional control, most notably in the area of executive control and inhibitory processes, in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although considered core deficits (e.g., Nigg, 1999), relatively little is known about the specific neural substrates that might underlie such deficits. Using a combination of behavioral and brain mapping techniques, we propose to address these issues by investigating the hypothesis that these core attentional difficulties manifest in ADHD are a result of dysfunction of specific regions of dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we will examine the degree to which these neurocognitive difficulties manifest in both adolescent and adult forms of ADHD, and the degree to which they may indicate a genetic vulnerability rather than a marker for the disorder. The team investigating these issues is multi-disciplinary, consisting of a cognitive neuroscientist with a special expertise in attentional control and brain imaging methods, a clinician with expertise in classification and diagnostic issues in ADHD as well as behavioral and molecular genetic techniques, a developmental neuropsychologist with expertise in learning disabilities, and a physicist with expertise in brain imaging. The proposal builds upon the principal investigator's neural model of the brain mechanisms involved in executive aspects of attention, and integrates it with the co-investigator's state-of-the-art model of the clinical manifestations of ADHD. Moreover it employs two well-characterized clinical samples: an adult sample of college-aged individuals with ADHD, and a sample of adolescent and adult dizygotic twins discordant for ADHD, allowing us to validate our findings by testing them across distinct populations. The proposed research has the potential to shed important new light on the nature of ADHD. Elucidating which brain regions are dysfunctional has the potential 1) to increase the ability to specifically diagnose ADHD itself, as well as, providing criteria for differentiating subtypes, 2) to facilitate the development of pharmacological treatments targeting the affected regions, 3) to determine the degree to which the manifestation of ADHD is continuous from childhood through adulthood.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的目的是阐明患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个体的注意力控制中缺陷的大脑系统。尽管被认为是核心缺陷（例如，Nigg，1999），但对可能是这种缺陷的特定神经底物的了解相对较少。通过研究这些核心注意力困难在ADHD中表现出来的假设，我们建议解决这些问题的结合，这是ADHD中表现出的核心注意力的结果，这是背侧外侧和内侧前额叶皮质特定区域功能障碍的结果。此外，我们将研究这些神经认知困难在ADHD的青少年和成人形式中表现出的程度，以及它们可能表明遗传脆弱性而不是标记该疾病的程度。 调查这些问题的团队是多学科的，由认知神经科学家组成，具有专业控制和脑成像方法的专业知识，这是一位在ADHD中具有分类和诊断性问题的临床医生，行为和分子遗传技术，具有发展性的神经心理学家，具有与物理学的专业知识和专业精神化的专业知识。该提案建立在主要研究者的神经模型中，这些神经模型涉及注意力的执行方面，并将其与ADHD的临床表现的共同投资者的最新模型相结合。此外，它采用了两个特征良好的临床样本：成年ADHD的成年人样本，以及ADHD不一致的青少年和成人双胞胎双胞胎样本，使我们可以通过在不同种群中测试他们的发现来验证我们的发现。 拟议的研究有可能对多动症的性质进行重要的新启示。阐明哪些大脑区域功能障碍具有1）的潜力1）提高了专门诊断ADHD本身的能力，以及提供区分亚型的标准，2）促进针对受影响区域的药理治疗的发展，3）确定ADHD的表现程度是通过ADHD通过Adulthood thood thood thood thood thood thood thood thos thos od thood od tho的程度。