Removing and Manipulating Emotional Information in Working Memory: Cognitive and Neural Representations

删除和操纵工作记忆中的情感信息：认知和神经表征

• 批准号: 10450323
• 负责人: Marie T Banich
• 金额: $ 77.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10450323
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anxiety; Behavior; Brain; Brain imaging; Cognitive; Computational Technique; Data; Effectiveness; Emotional; Excision; Face; Feedback; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Machine Learning; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Processes; Mental disorders; Methodology; Mind; Nature; Patient Self-Report; Persons; Process; Psyche structure; Psychopathology; Recording of previous events; Recurrence; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Scientist; Series; Short-Term Memory; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Update; Vehicle crash; Work; associated symptom; base; cognitive control; computer science; design; expectation; imaging approach; improved; innovation; insight; neural patterning; neurofeedback; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; operation; relating to nervous system; success

PROJECT SUMMARY The overall objective of the current project is to understand how emotional thoughts can be removed from one's mind. Most psychiatric disorders are characterized by an inability to remove negative, intrusive, and maladaptive thoughts from mind. Previously examining whether an individual has purged a thought from mind has relied mainly on self-report measures (e.g., “Yes, I stopped thinking about the car crash”). In the proposed research, the research team will use a combination of brain imaging approaches with machine learning techniques drawn from computer science to provide an objective neural marker of whether indeed a thought has been removed from mind. This approach builds on proven success with this technique pioneered by the research team. This prior work focused on the removal of (emotionally neutral) information from mind and demonstrated that suppressing a specific thought and clearing one's mind of all thought rely on different neural mechanisms. Moreover, the prior findings indicated that these mental operations differentially affect one's ability to take in new information after the old information has been removed. The focus of the proposed project will be to examine how emotional information is removed from current thought. The project will ask three main questions. First, it will examine whether the emotional valence of information affects the engagement and effectiveness of neural systems involved in removing information from mind. A series of parallel studies, one involving neuroimaging and the other examining people's behavior, are designed to examine whether these removal operations are affected by a) the emotional valence (positive, negative) of the information to be removed, b) the emotional valence of the information that should now be brought to mind and c) the match (e.g., positive, positive) or mismatch (positive, negative) between the valence of the information being removed and that which replaces it. Expectations are that negative information will be harder to remove and easier to be brought into current thought than positive information. Second, the project will examine whether the effectiveness of these removal operations varies across individuals. It will assess the degree to which individuals report that they have difficulty controlling their thoughts, the degree to which they have symptoms related to depression and anxiety, and their ability to hold and manipulate information in working memory. Expectations are that individuals who report difficulty in controlling their thoughts will have difficulty in removing information from mind, and that people with higher levels of depression will have specific difficulties in removing negative thoughts. Third, the project will examine whether individuals can be trained, using real-time feedback about brain function during neuroimaging, to effectively remove thoughts from mind by providing them with a sense of what it feels like to successfully remove a thought. The results of the proposed project will have important implications both for understanding the recurrent and intrusive thoughts that characterize psychopathology and for providing insights on how they might be reduced.

项目概要 当前项目的总体目标是了解如何从一个人的情绪中消除情绪化想法。 大多数精神疾病的特点是无法消除消极的、侵入性的和适应不良的情绪。 之前检查一个人是否已经从头脑中清除了一个想法。 主要是自我报告措施（例如，“是的，我不再考虑车祸”）。 研究小组将结合使用大脑成像方法和机器学习技术来绘制 来自计算机科学，提供客观的神经标记，表明某个想法是否确实已被删除 这种方法建立在研究团队首创的这项技术的成功基础上。 之前的工作重点是从头脑中删除（情感中立的）信息，并证明 抑制特定的想法和清除头脑中的所有想法依赖于不同的神经机制。 此外，先前的研究结果表明，这些心理操作会不同程度地影响一个人的吸收能力。 旧信息被删除后的新信息 拟议项目的重点将是 研究如何从当前的想法中消除情感信息。该项目将提出三个主要问题。 首先，它将检查信息的情感效价是否影响信息的参与度和有效性。 涉及从大脑中删除信息的神经系统一系列平行研究，其中一项涉及 神经影像学和其他检查人们行为的方法，旨在检查这些去除是否 操作受到以下因素的影响：a）要删除的信息的情绪价（正面、负面），b） 现在应该想到的信息的情感价值，以及 c) 匹配（例如，积极的、 被删除的信息的价数与被删除的信息的价数之间的不匹配（正、负）或不匹配（正、负） 预计负面信息将更难消除，更容易被引入。 目前的想法比积极的信息多，第二，该项目将检验这些是否有效。 清除行动因人而异。它将评估个人报告的程度。 难以控制自己的想法，他们出现抑郁和焦虑症状的程度， 以及他们在工作记忆中保存和操纵信息的能力。 报告称难以控制自己的思想，因此难以从头脑中消除信息，并且 抑郁程度较高的人在消除消极想法方面会遇到特定的困难。 该项目将检查个人是否可以接受训练，使用有关大脑功能的实时反馈 神经影像学，通过为人们提供一种感觉，有效地从头脑中消除想法 成功消除一个想法将对双方产生重要影响。 了解精神病理学特征的反复出现和侵入性想法，并提供 关于如何减少它们的见解。