Neuropsychological Evaluation Of Psychiatric And Neurolo

精神病学和神经病学的神经心理学评估

• 批准号: 6671514
• 负责人: Allan F. Mirsky
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6671514
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); attention; attention deficit disorder; brain disorders; brain injury; brain mapping; child (0-11); clinical research; cognition; cognition disorders; epilepsy; family genetics; human subject; intelligence tests; interview; language; memory; mental disorder diagnosis; neurogenetics; neuropsychological tests; personality tests; psychomotor function; schizophrenia; sensory disorders

During the past four years, the main thrust of this work has involved a comparison of the neuropsychological test profiles of patients with seizure disorders (generalized as well as focal) with those of their first-degree relatives. In an earlier study of 12 families with probands diagnosed with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), the results indicated that the mothers, but not the fathers of the patients share in mild form some of the behavioral impairment seen in the probands (Levav, 1991). This was evident in tests of sustained attention (the Continuous Performance Test, CPT; Rosvold et al., 1956). This result is consistent with prior research on the inheritance of the disorder. In the present study we assessed probands and their healthy first- degree relatives in an additional 60 families, as well as healthy control pairs, in their performance on neuropsychological tests. We assessed proband-relative pairs with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME), Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) and Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE). Attention, memory and problem-solving behavior were studied in order to evaluate possible familial aggregation of cognitive traits. The analysis thus far indicates that there is a strong familial aggregation of traits associated with control of impulsivity and vigilance in the sustained attention tasks, seen especially in JME families. This was not seen in the TLE families, and only to a modest extent in the CAE families. This work has been published in the Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology. We are currently collaborating with geneticists who are interested in localizing the epilepsy gene(s) associated with JME--most likely including location 21.3 on chromosome 6p--and whose work on identifying the phenotype of JME dovetails well with our own neuropsychological data. In another study conducted in collaboration with colleagues at Johns Hopkins, we have found highly significant correlations between assays of bone lead, as measured by the K X-ray technique, and scores on the Continuous Performance Test of sustained attention (CPT). These findings were based on studies of an inner-city population of young adults and were recently presented (August 2001) at a poster session at the American Psychological Association convention in San Francisco, California. In addition, in a doctoral dissertation at Johns Hopkins by Huey-Fang Sun (2000), it was found that teacher-rated classroom aggression correlated significantly with scores on the CPT. Those children who scored poorly on the CPT (and on other attention tests) were more aggressive than children who performed better on the CPT. This persisted over at least five grades (2-6).

在过去的四年中，这项工作的主要目的涉及比较癫痫发作障碍（遍布和焦点）患者的神经心理测试谱与其一级亲戚的神经心理测试谱。在对诊断出患有儿童缺勤癫痫病（CAE）的12个家庭的早期研究中，结果表明，母亲，但患者的父亲不具有轻度形式，在证据中看到的某些行为障碍（Levav，1991）。这在持续关注的测试中很明显（连续绩效测试，CPT； Rosvold等，1956）。该结果与先前关于该疾病遗传的研究一致。在本研究中，我们在其他60个家庭以及健康的对照对中评估了在神经心理学测试中的健康对照对中的健康一级亲戚。我们用少年肌阵挛性癫痫（JME），颞叶癫痫（TLE）和儿童缺勤癫痫（CAE）评估了探针和伴侣对。研究了注意，记忆和解决问题的行为，以评估认知性状的可能家庭聚集。迄今为止的分析表明，在持续的注意任务中，尤其是在JME家族中看到的与冲动性和警惕性有关的特质有很强的家族性汇总。这在TLE家族中没有看到，而在CAE家庭中只有一定程度的范围。这项工作已发表在《临床与实验神经心理学杂志》上。我们目前正在与有兴趣将与JME相关的癫痫基因定位的遗传学家合作 - 最可能包括6p染色体上的位置21.3，以及他们在识别JME的表型与我们自己的神经心理学数据中良好的表型的工作。在与约翰·霍普金斯（Johns Hopkins）合作进行的另一项研究中，我们发现通过K X射线技术衡量的骨头铅测定之间的相关性非常显着，并在持续注意的持续绩效测试（CPT）中得分。这些发现是基于对年轻人市中心人口的研究，最近在加利福尼亚州旧金山的美国心理协会大会举行的海报会议上进行了（2001年8月）。此外，在Huey-Fang Sun（2000）的Johns Hopkins的博士学位论文中，发现教师评价的课堂侵略与CPT的分数显着相关。那些在CPT（以及其他注意力测试）上得分不佳的孩子比在CPT上表现更好的孩子更具侵略性。这持续至少五个年级（2-6）。