CONCEPTS AND LANGUAGE

概念和语言

• 批准号: 6541228
• 负责人: Anjan K Chatterjee
• 金额: $ 36.06万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6541228
• 关键词: aphasia; auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; brain interhemispheric activity; cerebral dominance; clinical research; cognition; culture; experience; functional magnetic resonance imaging; handedness; human subject; language; memory; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; nonEnglish language; perception; psychophysics; sensory mechanism; space perception; stroke; visual cortex; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to understand the relationship between thought, perception and language. If we derive considerable knowledge of the world through our sensory and motor systems and this knowledge can be expressed in language, then the obvious question is how are sensory-motor systems linked to language? We will examine this question in the context of knowledge of events, which are described in language by verbs and thematic relations. The central hypothesis driving these studies is that simple spatial schemas can represent events 'pre-linguistically'. The following specific aims will test this general hypothesis and investigate the derivation and general utility of these schemas: 1) To establish that conceptual knowledge of events is distinct from linguistic knowledge of events. We will study patients with left and right hemisphere brain damage to test the hypotheses that patients may have deficits of knowledge of events at either a linguistic or a pre linguistic conceptual level. 2) To determine if conceptual knowledge of events is structured spatially and whether this structure derives from cultural habits or from properties of a lateralized brain. Normal US and Israeli subjects (including those that only read a right-to-left language) will be investigated on cognitive behavioral tasks, to ascertain if the spatial schemas that underlie event knowledge are derived from cultural habits or properties of a lateralized brain. 3) To determine if brain regions dedicated to visual-spatial processing in part mediate knowledge of events. Normal US subjects will be investigated in fMRI experiments on several tasks involving knowledge of events. This information in concert with lesion location data from patient investigations will help identify the neural substrate mediating this knowledge. 4) To determine whether spatial schemas used to represent events also serve other cognitive domains. Normal US and Israeli subjects will be investigated on memory tasks to help determine if directions of action influence recall and recognition of events. The proposed studies will advance our theoretical understanding of the functional architecture and neural mediation of simple spatial schemas and knowledge of events. These studies will have theoretical implications for models of conceptual development and reasoning and practical implications for the treatment of aphasic patients.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目的是了解思想，感知和语言之间的关系。如果我们通过我们的感官和运动系统得出了对世界的广泛知识，并且可以用语言表达这些知识，那么显而易见的问题是感觉运动系统如何与语言相关联？我们将在事件知识的背景下研究这个问题，该问题是通过动词和主题关系在语言中描述的。推动这些研究的中心假设是，简单的空间模式可以在“前态上”代表事件。以下具体目的将检验这一总体假设，并研究这些模式的推导和一般效用： 1）确定事件的概念知识与事件的语言知识不同。我们将研究患有左右半球脑损伤的患者，以测试患者可能在语言或语言前概念水平上遇到事件知识的假设。 2）确定事件的概念知识是在空间上结构化的，以及该结构是否来自文化习惯或侧向大脑的特性。将在认知行为任务上调查美国和以色列正常的受试者（包括仅阅读左键的那些受试者），以确定是源于事件知识的空间模式是否是从文化习惯或偏向大脑的特性中得出的。 3）确定大脑区域是否专用于视觉空间处理，部分介导了事件的知识。美国正常受试者将在功能磁共振成像实验中研究涉及事件知识的多个任务。与患者调查的病变位置数据一致的信息将有助于确定介导该知识的神经底物。 4）确定是否用来表示事件的空间模式也为其他认知领域提供服务。美国和以色列正常的受试者将在记忆任务上进行调查，以帮助确定行动方向是否影响事件的回忆和认可。 拟议的研究将提高我们对简单空间模式和事件知识的功能结构和神经调解的理论理解。这些研究将对概念发展和推理的模型以及对失语症患者的治疗产生的理论意义。