The Auditory Lexicon: Similarity, Learning & Processing

听觉词典：相似性、学习

• 批准号: 6556681
• 负责人: James S Magnuson
• 金额: $ 23.63万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-23 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6556681
• 关键词: age difference; auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; computer program /software; experience; form /pattern perception; human subject; learning; mathematical model; model design /development; neural information processing; phonology; preschool child (1-5); psycholinguistics; psychometrics; sound perception; speech recognition; temporal lobe /cortex; time resolved data; visual stimulus; visual tracking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Language deficits have devastating effects on one's ability to function in society. Designing appropriate interventions depends in part on understanding spoken language processing in healthy adults. Indeed, similarity metrics based on spoken word recognition research have allowed the design of more sensitive tests for hearing and language deficits. In this proposal, four projects examine the effects on spoken word recognition of the temporal distribution of similarity in spoken words, learning, and top-down knowledge. Time course measures are obtained from eye tracking during visually guided tasks under spoken instructions. The eye tracking is complemented by more traditional paradigms, allowing direct comparisons of the measures and providing data for items not amenable to eye tracking. Natural English stimuli and artificial lexicons are used as stimuli. Real words do not fall into conveniently balanced levels on the dimensions of interest, while artificial lexicons allow precise control over phonological similarity and frequency, and therefore competition neighborhood. They also provide a paradigm for studying learning, whether in the case of new words or changes in the relative frequencies of competitors. The results of the projects are used to refine similarity metrics for spoken words and develop a computational model of spoken word processing and learning.

描述（由申请人提供）：语言缺陷会对一个人的社会运作能力产生毁灭性影响。设计适当的干预措施部分取决于对健康成年人口语处理的理解。事实上，基于口语单词识别研究的相似性度量可以设计出更灵敏的听力和语言缺陷测试。在这个提案中，四个项目研究了口语单词、学习和自上而下知识的相似性时间分布对口语单词识别的影响。时间进程测量是在语音指令下的视觉引导任务期间通过眼动追踪获得的。眼动追踪得到了更传统范式的补充，允许直接比较测量结果并为不适合眼动追踪的项目提供数据。使用自然英语刺激和人工词典作为刺激。真实的单词在兴趣维度上并不容易达到平衡的水平，而人工词典可以精确控制语音相似性和频率，从而控制邻域竞争。它们还为研究学习提供了范例，无论是在新单词还是竞争对手相对频率变化的情况下。这些项目的结果用于完善口语单词的相似性度量，并开发口语单词处理和学习的计算模型。