Reducing Drug Policy Harms Through Police-Led Reform: What Works, Where and Why?

通过警察主导的改革减少毒品政策危害：什么有效、在哪里有效以及为什么有效？

• 批准号: 2239234
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2239234
• 关键词: Reducing; Drug; Policy; Harms; Through

The 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act - the overarching piece of legislation that currently outlaws the possession, supply, cultivation, importation and exportation of controlled substances - enshrined prohibition as the primary strategy for addressing the UK drug problem. Calls for drug policy reform are as old as drug policy itself (e.g. Berridge, 2013) and frequently promote responses where people who use drugs are supported and treated if required, rather than punished (Royal Society of Public Health, 2016). For others, reducing harm can occur through non-enforcement of the law. Various police forces around England and Wales are now adopting alternative approaches to policing drug use away from strict law enforcement either through de facto decriminalisation or through diverting drug offenders away from the criminal justice system. This project looks at the origins of the impetus for police-led law reform and provides an overview of cases (n= 3 to 5) where new approaches have been adopted to address the drug problem. In doing so, It will also consider some of the barriers and facilitators to more widespread police-led, diversionary policies elsewhere. It will highlight the contextual similarities and differences between reforms and seek to assess the impact of these schemes on police resources, re-offending and measures of drug policy-related harm and the sector. Research Aims & Questions:The overarching aim of this study is to uncover how and where police-led drug law reform has been implemented, by whom and in what circumstances and with what outcomes?1. What is meant by drug-related harm and how is this manifested in specific locales?2. What is the theory of change behind reform schemes? 3. How are reforms understood by those designing, developing and implementing such schemes?4. What is the emerging evidence from the reforms?5. In what way can the evidence base for diversion from local forces be used by Release and partner organizations to promote future evidence-informed future interventions?Methodological ApproachResearch questions 1 and 2 will involve a review of the academic literature on drug harms and diversionary schemes implemented elsewhere (e.g. Australia, Portugal) as well as scoping grey materials and media reports to map out and document recent examples of police led drug policy reforms. The literature review should allow for an analysis of the theory of change behind diversionary schemes and the intended outcomes of such developments. These findings will be cross-referenced with anonymous, elite interviews from each area with PCCs, police, NGOs, Local Authorities, public health officials looking at how the theory behind the schemes corresponds to the views of key stakeholders involved in their implementation. This will address research question 3. The interviews will also provide partial answers to question 4, which will be supplemented with a return to the grey literature and policy documents. Question 5 will entail close collaboration between the student and Release on the kinds of outputs to be produced and how these can be disseminated most effectively to target audiences. The research will be subject to ethical clearance from the University of Birmingham.

1971年《滥用毒品法》 - 目前宣布拥有，供应，耕种，进口和出口受控物质的总体立法 - 被禁止作为解决英国毒品问题的主要策略。要求药物政策改革的呼吁与毒品政策本身一样古老（例如Berridge，2013年），并经常促进反应，如果需要，使用毒品的人得到支持和治疗，而不是受到惩罚（皇家公共卫生学会，2016年）。对于其他人来说，通过不执行法律可能会减少伤害。现在，英格兰和威尔士各地的各种警察部队正在采用替代方法来通过事实上的非刑事化或将毒品罪犯从刑事司法系统中转移，从而使毒品使用从严格的执法部门进行治疗。该项目着眼于以警察领导的法律改革动力的起源，并概述了案件（n = 3至5），其中采用了新方法来解决毒品问题。这样一来，它还将考虑一些障碍和促进者，以在其他地方更广泛地领导警察领导的转移性政策。它将突出改革之间的上下文相似性和差异，并试图评估这些计划对警察资源，重新犯罪和毒品政策相关危害和行业的影响。研究目的和问题：这项研究的总体目的是揭示如何以及在何处实施由警察领导的毒品法改革，哪些情况以及在什么情况下以及结果？1。与药物相关的危害是什么意思，这在特定的地区如何表现？2。改革计划背后的变化理论是什么？ 3。那些设计，制定和实施此类计划的人如何理解改革？4。改革中有什么新兴证据？5。释放和合作伙伴组织以什么方式可以使用向当地部队转移的证据基础来促进未来证据的未来干预措施？方法论方法研究问题1和2将涉及对有关毒品危害的学术文献和有关其他地方实施的学术文献的审查（例如澳大利亚，澳大利亚，葡萄牙），以及对灰色材料和媒体报道的范围和媒体报道，以绘制毒品和毒品的范围范围的毒品和毒品策略改革。文献综述应允许分析转移方案背后的变化理论以及此类发展的预期结果。这些发现将与来自PCC，警察，非政府组织，地方当局，公共卫生官员的匿名，精英访谈进行交叉参考，研究计划背后的理论如何与参与实施的主要利益相关者的观点相对应。这将解决研究问题3。访谈还将为问题4提供部分答案，该问题将补充灰色文献和政策文件。问题5将需要在学生之间进行密切的合作，并在要生产的产出种类以及如何最有效地传播到目标受众的情况下进行密切合作。这项研究将受到伯明翰大学的道德清除。