Perceptual Experience and Spoken Word Recognition

感知体验和口语单词识别

• 批准号: 6780819
• 负责人: EDWARD T AUER
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: HOUSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6780819
• 关键词: auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; deafness; developmental neurobiology; experience; functional ability; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human middle age (35-64); human subject; language; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; perception; phonology; psycholinguistics; sign language; speech recognition; speechreading; symbolism; verbal learning; visual stimulus; vocabulary; young adult human (21-34)

The goal of the proposed research is to discover how perceptual experience affects the spoken word recognition processing system. This research capitalizes on wide individual differences in linguistic experience among prelingually deaf adults with English as a first language and on differences in access to perceptual information for normal-hearing versus the same deaf adults. The aim of Project I is to provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between how words are learned or used in terms of input channel - spoken, orthographic, finger spelled - and how words are processed. The hypothesis to be tested in terms of individual differences is that having more lexical experience in a communication channel facilitates word recognition via that same channel. The hypothesis will be investigated using behavioral and functional neuroanatomical (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) methods. Behavioral methods will include perceptual word identification, lexical decision, and subjective estimates of how words were learned. The fMRI task will be lipreading words by deaf adults, and analyses will focus on individual differences in magnitude and extent of activation. Behavioral and fMRI studies will expand on our previous research with the same methods and subject groups. The aim of Project II is to understand effects of perceiving words from phonetically impoverished (lipread) stimuli. The hypothesis to be tested is that phonetic information activates experientially derived word-form representations that are isomorphic with the chronically available perceptual (phonetic) information and not linguistically derived word-forms isomorphic with the phonemically distinct words in the language. This hypothesis predicts that spoken word-form representations based primarily on either optical (lipread by deaf adults) or acoustic (heard by hearing adults) signals during development will differ in the extent to which they approximate the phonemically different words in the language. Behavioral methods will include semantic priming and discrimination. fMRI experiments will investigate brain activation as a function of word-form similarity and phonotactics. The two projects will investigate fundamental scientific issues with direct clinical implications. For example, findings showing that how words are experienced affects how they are perceived would suggest that clinicians and educators of deaf children need to pay attention to the channel by which deaf children acquire language.

拟议研究的目的是发现感知 经验会影响口语识别处理系统。这项研究 利用语言经验的广泛个体差异 以英语为单语言的初步聋哑成年人 访问正常听力与同一聋人的感知信息 成年人。项目的目的是提供对 根据输入渠道学习或使用单词之间的关系 - 口语，拼字法拼写 - 以及如何处理单词。这 要根据个体差异来检验的假设是有更多 通信渠道中的词汇体验有助于通过 同一频道。该假设将使用行为和 功能性神经解剖学（功能性磁共振成像，fMRI） 方法。行为方法将包括感知单词识别， 词汇决定，以及如何学习单词的主观估计。 fMRI 任务将是聋人的口头读词，分析将重点放在 激活程度和程度的个体差异。行为和 fMRI研究将通过相同的方法扩展我们以前的研究，并 主题组。第二个项目的目的是了解感知的影响 来自语音贫困（口头）刺激的单词。假设是 测试的是，语音信息会激活经验得出的单词形式 具有同构的表示形式具有长期可用的感知 （语音）信息，而不是语言派生的单词形式同构 语言上有语音上不同的单词。该假设预测 该口语的单词形式表示主要基于两种光学 （聋人的口头）或声学（听到成人听到的）信号 开发在近似的程度上会有所不同 语言上语言上不同的单词。行为方法将包括 语义启动和歧视。 FMRI实验将研究大脑 激活是单词形式相似性和语音的函数。两个 项目将通过直接临床调查基本科学问题 含义。例如，发现表明单词如何经历 影响他们的感知方式将表明临床医生和教育者 聋哑儿童需要注意聋哑儿童的渠道 获取语​​言。