Binaural Hearing in Children in Complex Environments

复杂环境中儿童的双耳听力

• 批准号: 6488072
• 负责人: Ruth Y Litovsky
• 金额: $ 7.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-01 至 2004-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6488072
• 关键词: adult human (21+); audiometry; auditory discrimination; binaural hearing; child psychology; clinical research; comprehension; controlled environment chamber; environment; middle childhood (6-11); neuropsychology; noise; perceptual maskings; preschool child (1-5); psychological tests; psychophysics; sound perception; speech

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this research is to understand how young children are able to function in complex acoustic environments, where multiple sources are often present. This includes identifying the location of sound sources, especially in noisy environments, and extracting the content meaningful sounds, such as understanding speech. This work will focus on children ages 4-7. We will measure binaural abilities using two paradigms. The first will evaluate children's ability to locate sounds, in quiet, in the presence of simulated echoes (precedence effect), and in the presence of "real world" competing sounds that are either spatially near or far from the target source. The second will focus on the children's ability to understand speech in the presence of competing speech and noise, and the extent to which they demonstrate a benefit from spatial separation of the speech and competing sounds (spatial release from masking). In adults, sound localization and spatial release from masking are known to be facilitated by the binaural system, however, surprisingly little is known about these abilities in young children. Previous work has shown that basic binaural processes are rudimentary at birth, and undergo many developmental changes during early childhood; however, the impact of these changes on children's abilities to cope with realistic complex environments remains to be understood. The long-term goal of this work is to extend our measures of auditory abilities to populations of children with sensori-neural hearing loss and with cognitive disabilities, including attention deficit disorders and autism.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的目的是了解 幼儿如何在复杂的声学环境中运作 通常存在多种来源。这包括确定位置 声音来源，尤其是在嘈杂的环境中，并提取内容 有意义的声音，例如理解语音。这项工作将重点放在 4-7岁的儿童。我们将使用两个范式测量双耳能力。这 首先会评估孩子在安静，在 存在模拟回声（优先效应），并存在“真实的” 世界“竞争声音在空间上或远离目标的声音 来源。第二个将重点放在孩子们理解语音的能力上 竞争性的言语和噪音的存在以及他们在哪里的程度 演示语音和竞争声音的空间分离中的好处 （从掩蔽中释放空间）。在成人中，声音本地化和空间 已知从掩蔽中释放将通过双耳系统促进 但是，对于幼儿中的这些能力知之甚少。 以前的工作表明，基本双耳过程是出生时基本的 并在童年时期经历许多发展变化；但是， 这些变化对儿童应对现实复合物的能力的影响 环境还有待理解。这项工作的长期目标是 将听觉能力的措施扩展到患有儿童的人群 传感神经听力损失和认知障碍，包括注意力 赤字障碍和自闭症。