NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF MEMORY AND SEMANTIC PROCESSING

记忆和语义处理的神经基础

• 批准号: 6476020
• 负责人: DIANE SWICK
• 金额: $ 8.52万
• 依托单位: EAST BAY INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-12-01 至 2003-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6476020
• 关键词: aphasia; auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; comprehension; concept; electroencephalography; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; hippocampus; human subject; language; limbic system; memory; memory disorders; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; occipital lobe /cortex; perception; semantics; stroke; temporal lobe /cortex; visual perception

The primary goal of this proposal is to provide further insight into the brain regions responsible for implicit and explicit memory in the verbal domain and lexical-semantic processing at the level of single words. The project will utilize a combined neuropsychological and event-related brain potential (ERP) approach to illuminate controversies surrounding the location and duration of repetition and semantic priming effects, the time course of memory encoding and retrieval, and the nature of conceptual memory stores (i.e., amodal or modality specific). Our previous studies suggested that both left and right inferior temporal- occipital regions are critical for visual word priming. Other results demonstrated that damage to inferior prefrontal cortex and adjacent regions produces significant impairments in lexical-semantic processing and reductions in the amplitude of ERPs observed in a lexical decision task. In the current proposal, we will study groups of patients with defined deficits in memory or language abilities. These patients have focal, MRI-confirmed lesions in subregions of (1) prefrontal cortex, (2) temporal-parietal junction, (3) inferior temporal-occipital extrastriate regions, or (4) hippocampal formation. Two sets of experiments are proposed: (1) Behavioral and ERP studies in controls and patients will systematically examine the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological substrates of implicit and explicit memory; (II) Behavioral and ERP studies of semantic priming for words and pictures will compare lexical and conceptual processing in patients with and without aphasia. This project will provide a wealth of data on the neuroanatomical and elecrophysiological substrates of memory and semantic processing, which are essential for a greater understanding of how these operations are affected by aging, psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological insults. The pattern of spared cognitive abilities in these patients is of great interest with future applications in the development of improved rehabilitation strategies.

该提案的主要目标是进一步了解 大脑区域负责言语中隐式和明确记忆 单个单词级别的域和词汇语义处理。 该项目将利用合并的神经心理学和事件相关 大脑潜力（ERP）阐明围绕争议的方法 重复和语义启动效应的位置和持续时间， 记忆编码和检索的时间过程以及 概念内存存储（即特定于Amodal或模态）。我们的 先前的研究表明，左右下的时间下 枕叶区域对于视觉词启动至关重要。其他结果 证明对下额叶皮层和相邻的损害 区域在词法语义处理中产生重大损害 并减少在词汇决策中观察到的ERP的振幅 任务。 在当前的提案中，我们将研究患有 定义的记忆或语言能力缺陷。 这些患者有 （1）前额叶皮质的子区域中的局灶性MRI确认病变，（2） 颞顶交界处，（3）下颞枕外腹侧 区域，或（4）海马形成。 两组实验是 提议：（1）对照和患者的行为和ERP研究 系统地检查神经解剖学和神经生理学 隐式和显式内存的基板； （ii）行为和ERP 单词和图片的语义启动研究将比较词汇 以及患有和没有失语症的患者的概念处理。这 项目将提供有关神经解剖学和的大量数据 记忆和语义处理的电子生理底物， 对这些操作的了解至关重要 受衰老，精神病和神经退行性疾病的影响， 神经侮辱。 遗憾的认知能力的模式 这些患者对未来在 制定改进的康复策略。