The Transition of Nicotine Dependence

尼古丁依赖的转变

• 批准号: 6523375
• 负责人: JOSEPH R DIFRANZA
• 金额: $ 37.68万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-30 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6523375
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; drug addiction; drug withdrawal; gender difference; human subject; immature animal; laboratory rat; longitudinal human study; neuropharmacology; nicotine; nicotinic receptors; psychopharmacology; racial /ethnic difference; receptor expression; reinforcer; smoking; substance abuse related behavior; tobacco abuse; adolescence (12-20); attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; drug addiction; drug withdrawal; gender difference; human subject; immature animal; laboratory rat; longitudinal human study; neuropharmacology; nicotine; nicotinic receptors; psychopharmacology; racial /ethnic difference; receptor expression; reinforcer; smoking; substance abuse related behavior; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION: (provided by the applicant) Animal and human studies will be conducted in parallel to determine the threshold dosing for the first symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescent humans and for the first neurochemical changes brought on by nicotine in the brains of adolescent rats. Separate experiments will evaluate the upregulation of high affinity nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the midbrain reward centers, and the activation of cholinergic reward pathways. These experiments will be conducted to explore the effects of low-dose intermittent exposure to nicotine, simulating the nicotine exposures commonly present at the onset of nicotine dependence in teenagers. A comparison will be made regarding the sensitivity of adolescent and adult rats to the neurochemical effects of nicotine that are thought to be responsible for dependence. Intermittent and continuous dosing will be compared and gender differences will be explored. Adolescents and adults will be compared in the speed with which neurochemical changes occur. In humans, a prospective longitudinal study employing 1200 subjects and individual interviews will be conducted to explore individual differences in the speed with which nicotine dependence develops. The nicotine dosing and pattern of use at the onset of the first symptoms and full dependence will be studied. Investigations will explore why some youths develop symptoms of dependence upon exposure to nicotine while others do not. A new theory-based measure of early dependence for youths will be tested against established measures of dependence.

描述：（申请人提供） 动物和人类研究将平行进行以确定 青少年尼古丁依赖性的第一个症状的阈值剂量 人类和尼古丁在 青少年大鼠的大脑。单独的实验将评估上调 中脑奖励中高亲和力的烟碱胆碱能受体 中心和胆碱能奖励途径的激活。这些实验 将进行以探索低剂量间歇性接触的影响 尼古丁，模拟通常在开始时出现的尼古丁暴露 青少年的尼古丁依赖性。将对 青少年和成年大鼠对神经化学作用的敏感性 尼古丁被认为是造成依赖的原因。间歇性和 将比较连续的给药，并将探索性别差异。 青少年和成年人将以神经化学的速度进行比较 发生变化。在人类中，使用1200的前瞻性纵向研究 将进行主题和个人访谈以探索个人 尼古丁依赖发展的速度差异。尼古丁 首先症状和全面的剂量和使用方式 将研究依赖性。调查将探讨为什么有些年轻人发展 依赖暴露于尼古丁的症状，而其他人则没有。一个新 基于理论的对年轻人的早期依赖的度量将被测试 确定的依赖度量。