DEVELOPING THE THEORY OF PHONOLOGICAL PRACTICE

发展语音实践理论

• 批准号: 6654150
• 负责人: Carol A Fowler
• 金额: $ 17.7万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2003-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6654150
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; human subject; paralinguistic behavior; phonology; sociolinguistics; speech recognition; vocalization; young adult human (21-34)

Our aim in Project I is to develop our theoretical perspective on the "practical phonology", that is, on phonological structures of public language use. The research complements work on neurobiological foundations on speech in Project II and will inform on reading about the fundamental elements of the spoken language that readers access. A central requirement of phonological language is that communicators typically achieve "parity," a relation of sufficient equivalence between messages sent and received. Without this requirement, language use would not serve to communicate. Because language is an evolved system, parity achievement will have been selected for, and therefore, phonological systems will foster achievement of parity. A parity fostering system is one in which components of the language that serve to make a speaker's message public, that is, phonological elements, are themselves public things. In addition, they are elements of the message through all phases of an exchange; they are elements of the phonological message as planned by the speaker, as implemented in the vocal tract and as perceived. We propose that gestures (linguistically significant actions of the vocal tract) are the phonological primitives that are preserved in every phase of a spoken communicative event. Our research is designed to test and further develop these ideas. We propose to develop our theory of phonological competence, Articulatory Phonology, by showing that it can insightfully address the kinds of phonological systematicities that serve as test cases for phonological theories. Next we show that the primaries of Articulatory Phonology, gestures, are also units of encoding in utterance planning and production. Third, we attempt to show that gestures are the primitive of perceived phonological structure. Our final lines of research address two central functions of phonological structures in a practical phonology. One is lexical specification; phonological elements must uniquely identify words, distinguishing them from others. We propose to determine how phonological structure interacts with lexical knowledge in speech perception. The second function is social identification. People mark their social affiliations by their particular phonetic implementations of phonological structures. We propose to study "gestural drift", the drift of speakers toward the gestural dialect of the ambient speech community.

我们在项目中的目标是发展我们对“实用语音学”的理论观点，即公用语言使用的语音结构。该研究补充了II项目中关于语音的神经生物学基础的工作，并将告知阅读读者访问的口语的基本要素。语音语言的一个核心要求是，沟通者通常实现“奇偶校验”，这是发送和接收到的消息之间足够等价的关系。没有此要求，语言使用将无法进行交流。由于语言是一个发展的系统，因此将选择奇偶校验的成就，因此，语音系统将促进平等成就。平价培养系统是一种语言的组成部分，以使演讲者的信息公开，也就是说，语音元素本身就是公共事物。此外，它们是通过交换的所有阶段的信息的要素。它们是演讲者计划的语音信息的要素，在声带中实现并感知到了。我们建议，手势（声带的语言上具有重要意义的动作）是在口语交流事件的每个阶段都保留的语音基础。我们的研究旨在测试和进一步发展这些想法。我们建议通过表明它可以洞悉语音系统的语音能力理论，即发音语音学理论，以解决语音理论的测试案例。接下来，我们表明，发音语音学的初选，手势，也是编码在语音计划和生产中的单位。第三，我们试图表明手势是感知的语音结构的原始性。我们的最后一系列研究涉及实用语音学中语音结构的两个核心功能。一个是词汇规范；语音元素必须唯一地识别单词，将它们与他人区分开。我们建议确定语音结构如何与语音感知中的词汇知识相互作用。第二个功能是社会识别。人们通过语音结构的特定语音实现来标记他们的社会隶属关系。我们建议研究“手势漂移”，这是演讲者向环境语音社区的手势方言的漂移。