Accelerating progress in preventing violence against children and adolescents through multisectoral intervention packages in low- and middle-income co

通过低收入和中等收入国家的多部门干预措施，加快预防针对儿童和青少年的暴力行为的进展

• 批准号: 1926833
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1926833
• 关键词: Accelerating; progress; preventing; violence; against

Left behind in the AIDS response, adolescents are the only global population in which AIDS related deaths are increasing (UNICEF, 2016). In fact, AIDS is the leading cause of death among 10-19 year olds in Africa and, in 15 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, children account for at least 50% of the population (UNICEF, 2016; UNFPA, 2014). Reducing adolescent AIDS is therefore necessary for a productive labour market. However, despite international efforts, AIDS remains a major global health challenge, notably in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Globally, over half of eligible HIV-positive patients lack access to ART (UNAIDS, 2016). Treatment coverage estimates for Africa remain quite varied, ranging from as low as 0% (Comoros) to 68% (Rwanda) (WHO, 2016). Remarkably, the international community is shifting priorities away from AIDS and, consequently, all but one of the 14 largest AIDS donors reduced funding in 2015 (Kates, Wexler, & Lief, 2016). Governments invest funds in several ways. One mechanism is official development assistance (ODA), which is intended to "promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries" (OECD, 2016). These funds can either be disbursed via multilateral organisations (e.g. Global Health Initiatives, GHIs) or bilaterally via grants or loans (MOFA Japan, 2011). GHIs refer to organisations receiving funds from governments to address epidemics like AIDS, including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the World Bank's Multi-Country AIDS Programme (Warren, Wyss, Shakarishvili, Atun, & de Savigny, 2013). Prominent bilateral ODA organisations in the AIDS response include SIDA (Sweden), NORAD (Norway), and USAID (USA).The dissertation will address the question of: What financing structures are most effective in facilitating antiretroviral therapy coverage for HIV-positive adolescents aged 10-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa? To study this question, three components will be undertaken to examine:1. Has domestic financing for HIV led to better treatment coverage for HIV-positive adolescents inSub-Saharan Africa as compared to foreign aid (i.e. official development assistance)?2. Have countries continued provision and scale-up of ART to HIV-positive adolescents when donorfunding flat-lines?3. Do corruption, democracy levels, armed conflict and state fragility moderate the impact of aid inprovision of ART to HIV-positive adolescents? A meta-process evaluation is currently underway to theorise aid implementation in the context of the global HIV response and, subsequently, its potential variations. This DPhil project has been discussed with Professor David Humphreys, who has agreed to supervise the project in consultation, as needed, with Lucie Cluver for topical support.Added value: This project will address a significant gap in the literature. This study is the first to examine the impact of foreign aid on HIV treatment coverage, particularly on the oft-neglected adolescent subpopulation. The project will contribute to emerging literature on the political economy of health through its examination of how political structures shape adolescent health outcomes (Ruger, 2009). Notably, donor funding is beginning to flat-line and donor fatigue is an increasing problem for programmes (Grépin, 2012). The project will contribute new information on aid effectiveness and the best financing mechanisms for improving health. The project builds on Moyo's work by empirically (a) testing the long-term impacts of aid, (b) analysing whether national financing is better, and (c) examining HIV in the context of the "four horses". The findings will contribute to the initiatives of African governments toward an evidence-based approach to financing national HIV response and will inform international partners and donor-countries with an evidence-based policy evaluation of their work.

在艾滋病相关死亡人数增加的全球人口中，剩下的是唯一的人（联合国儿童基金会，2016年）。人口（联合国儿童基金会，2016年； 2014年生产劳动力市场）。从低至0％（Comoros）到68％（卢旺达）（WHO，2016年）不等（2016年）。以一种机制为官方援助（ODA）。 ，包括全球与艾滋病的基金，结核病和疟疾，美国新闻社的艾滋病救济紧急计划（PEPFAR）以及世界银行的多国艾滋病计划（Warren，Wyss，Shakarishss，Shakarishvili，Atun，Atun，＆De Savigny，2013年）。艾滋病回应中的ODA组织包括SIDA（瑞典），NORAD（挪威），以及对艾滋病毒阳性青少年在撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒阳性青少年的过度问题，将进行三个组成部分吗？审查：1。与外国援助相比，艾滋病毒阳性青少年的艾滋病毒更好的治疗范围（即官方发展援助）到TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TORE！全球艾滋病毒的反应及其潜在的差异。外国对艾滋病毒治疗的影响对经常被综合的青少年亚人群的影响有助于促进健康的政治经济学。对于扁平化的Fatig UE是计划的越来越多的问题（Grépin，2012年）将为有效的援助提供新的信息，并且是改善健康的最佳融资机制。援助的术语是否更好地“四匹马”。