DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL FUNCTION

视觉功能的发展

• 批准号: 6219628
• 负责人: Lynne Kiorpes
• 金额: $ 5.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6219628
• 关键词: Mammalia; behavioral /social science research tag; congenital disorders; eye; growth /development; psychology; vision

The goals of this project center on the characterization of spatial vision development in macaque monkeys. These monkeys are an important animal model that can be used for testing hypotheses about the neural basis for the development of vision and its disruption by amblyopia, which is generally defined as a loss of vision due to abnormal visual conditions during development. We have been studying visual development in normal infant monkeys and in monkeys that have experimentally induced amblyopia in order to evaluate theories on the neural limitations on development and the disruption caused by amblyopia. We previously analyzed the performance of strabismic and anisometropic monkeys on various spatial tasks to establish the extent to which their deficits were related to the pattern of contrast sensitivity losses. We have found that in most cases, the pattern of contrast sensitivity loss can account for the loss of spatial precision in amblyopies, and that the patter n of deficits suggests a cortical substrate. We have recorded electrophysiological properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of amblyopic monkeys, to try to identify the neural basis for the amblyopic deficits. Our results show a strong qualitative correlation between neuronal deficits in V1 cells and behaviorally measured deficits, but the neuronal deficits do not fully acount for the behavioral deficits. We have begun a series of behavioral and physiological studies to identify higher level processing deficits that more fully describe the visual losses in amblyopia. These tasks are based on organization of elements in a visual display into coherent features, an ability called feature integration. We are currently studying the development of this ability. FUNDING NIH grants EY05864 and RR00166. Carandini, M., Movshon, J.A., and Ferster, D. Pattern adaptation and cross-orientation interactions in the primary visual cortex. Neuropharmacology 37 501-511, 1998. Kiorpes, L., Kiper, D.C., O'Keefe, L.P., Cavanaugh, J.R., and Movshon, J.A. Neuronal correlates of amblyopia in the visual cortex of macaque monkeys with experimental strabismus and anisometropia. J. Neurosci. 18 6411-6424, 1998. Kiorpes, L. and Movshon, J.A. Peripheral and central factors limiting the development of contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys. Vision Res. 38 61-70, 1998. Murphy, K.M., Jones, D.J., Fenstemaker, S.B., Pegado, V.D., Kiorpes, L., and Movshon, J.A. Spacing of cytochrome oxidase blobs in visual cortex of normal and strabismic monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 8 237-244, 1998. O'Keefe, L.P. and Movshon, J.A. Processing of first- and second-order motion signals by neurons in area MT of the macaque monkey. Vis. Neurosci. 15 305-317, 1998. Bair, W., Cavanaugh, J.R., and Movson, J.A. Temporal dynamics of direction selective neurons in areas MT and V1. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 1745, 1998. Cavanaugh, J.R., Bair, W., and Movshon, J.A. Signals setting contrast gain arise from iso-oriented domains aligned with the receptive field axis of macaque striate cortex neurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 1875, 1998. Kiorpes, L., Tang, C., and Movshon, J.A. Visual efficiency in amblyopic macaque monkeys. Perception (Suppl) 27 21, 1998. Movshon, J.A., Kiper, D.C., O'Keefe, L.P., Cavanaugh, J.R., and Kiorpes, L. Neuronal correlates ofo amblyopia in the visual cortex of macaques with experimental strabismus and anisometropia. Perception (Suppl) 27:16, 1998. O'Keefe, L.P. and Movshon, J.A. The "window of visibility" and direction tuning of STS neurons in alert macaque monkeys. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 1745, 1998. Priebe, N.J., Bair, W., Cavanaugh, J.R., Movshon, J.A., and Lisberger, S.G. Direction and speed selectivity of gain control in single neurons in macaque visual area MT. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 648, 1998. Tang, C., Kiorpes, L., and Movshon, J.A. Motion detection in amblyopic macaque monkeys. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39 S329, 1998.

该项目的目标集中在表征 猕猴的空间视觉发育。 这些猴子是一只 重要的动物模型，可用于检验有关假设的 视觉发展及其破坏的神经基础 弱视，通常被定义为由于以下原因导致的视力丧失 发育过程中的异常视觉状况。 我们一直在学习 正常幼猴和患有此病的猴子的视觉发育 实验诱发弱视，以评估有关弱视的理论 发育的神经限制和由以下因素引起的破坏 弱视。 我们之前分析了斜视和 各向异性猴子在各种空间任务上建立范围 他们的缺陷与对比度模式有关 灵敏度损失。 我们发现，在大多数情况下， 对比敏感度损失可以解释空间损失 弱视的精确度，并且缺陷的模式表明 皮质基底。 我们记录了电生理特性 弱视猴初级视觉皮层（V1）的神经元，尝试 确定弱视缺陷的神经基础。 我们的成果 显示 V1 神经元缺陷之间存在很强的定性相关性 细胞和行为测量的缺陷，但神经元缺陷确实 没有完全考虑到行为缺陷。 我们已经开始了一个系列 行为和生理研究以确定更高水平 处理缺陷更全面地描述了视觉损失 弱视。 这些任务基于元素的组织 视觉显示成连贯的特征，这种能力称为特征 一体化。 目前我们正在研究这个开发 能力。 资助 NIH 授予 EY05864 和 RR00166。 卡兰迪尼，M.， Movshon, J.A. 和 Ferster, D. 模式适应和 初级视觉皮层中的交叉方向相互作用。 神经药理学 37 501-511, 1998。Kiorpes, L., Kiper, D.C., O'Keefe, L.P.、Cavanaugh, J.R. 和 Movshon, J.A.神经元相关性 实验研究猕猴视觉皮层弱视的研究 斜视和屈光参差。 J.神经科学。 18 6411-6424，1998。 Kiorpes, L. 和 Movshon, J.A.外围和中枢因素限制 猕猴对比敏感度的发展。 想象 资源。 38 61-70, 1998。Murphy, K.M.、Jones, D.J.、Fenstemaker, S.B.， Pegado, V.D.、Kiorpes, L. 和 Movshon, J.A.细胞色素间距 正常和斜视猴子视觉皮层中的氧化酶斑点。 大脑皮层 8 237-244, 1998。O'Keefe, L.P. 和 Movshon, J.A. 神经元对一阶和二阶运动信号的处理 猕猴的 MT 区。 维斯。神经科学。 15 305-317，1998。 Bair, W.、Cavanaugh, J.R. 和 Movson, J.A.时间动态 MT 和 V1 区的方向选择性神经元。 苏克。神经科学。 摘要。 24 1745, 1998. Cavanaugh, J.R.、Bair, W. 和 Movshon, J.A. 设置对比度增益的信号来自对齐的等向域 与猕猴纹状皮层神经元的感受野轴。 苏克。 神经科学。 摘要。 24 1875, 1998。Kiorpes, L.、Tang, C. 和 Movshon， J.A.弱视猕猴的视觉效率。 洞察力 （增刊）27 21，1998。Movshon，J.A.，Kiper，D.C.，O'Keefe，L.P.， Cavanaugh, J.R. 和 Kiorpes, L. 神经元与 ofo 弱视相关 患有实验性斜视的猕猴的视觉皮层 屈光参差。 Perception (Suppl) 27:16, 1998。O'Keefe, L.P. 和 莫夫尚，J.A. STS的“可见之窗”和方向调整 警觉的猕猴的神经元。 苏克。神经科学。 摘要。 24 1745, 1998. Priebe, N.J.、Bair, W.、Cavanaugh, J.R.、Movshon, J.A. 和 Lisberger，S.G. 增益控制的方向和速度选择性 猕猴视觉区 MT 中的单个神经元。 苏克。神经科学。 摘要。 24 648, 1998。Tang, C.、Kiorpes, L. 和 Movshon, J.A.运动检测 在弱视猕猴中。 投资。 眼药水。 维斯。科学。 39 S329，1998。