The neurophysiological basis of serial learning

串行学习的神经生理学基础

• 批准号: 8890885
• 负责人: VINCENT P FERRERA
• 金额: $ 39.45万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-02 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8890885
• 关键词: Accounting; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Architecture; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Cells; Code; Cognitive; Columbidae; Complex; Cues; Data; Goals; Health; Human; Individual; Investigation; Joints; Judgment; Lateral; Learning; Left; Logic; Macaca mulatta; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurologic; Neurons; Neurosciences; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Performance; Physiology; Play; Positioning Attribute; Prefrontal Cortex; Property; Relative (related person); Role; Schedule; Schizophrenia; Serial Learning; Social Dominance; Staging; Stimulus; System; Testing; Training; Visual Fields; Work; abstracting; base; brain cell; design; lateral intraparietal area; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; novel; novel strategies; patient population; relating to nervous system; research study; sequence learning; social; spatial relationship; virtual; visual motor; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose a new approach to the study of inferential learning by investigating how monkeys and humans infer implicit serial relationships during training on a Transitive Inference (TI) paradigm. TI implies the ability to conclude that A C if A > B and B > C. This logic can be extended to any number of items as long as their relationships obey transitivity. TI has been shown to exist in species as diverse as pigeons, monkeys, and humans and is thought to be essential for understanding complex social relationships such as dominance hierarchies. TI is also critical for understanding ordinal relationships, which, by definition, obey transitivity. Linear spatial relationships also obey transitivity (if A is to the left of B, and B is to the left of C, then A is to the left of C). Hene, it has been proposed that TI may be related to spatial representations that inhabit a virtual workspace. The idea is that one can imagine adjacent items in an ordered list as occupying neighboring positions on an imaginary line. Thus, ordinal relationships that seem abstract may in fact be mapped onto existing spatial representations. To test this, we plan to investigate the learning and representation of ordinal relationships among novel stimuli in regions of parietal and prefrontal cortex that are believed to be involved in representing spatial information, especially relative spatial position. These are the first experiments to investigate the acquisition of implict inference at the behavioral level that is synchronized to simultaneous measurement of the activity of individual brain cells throughout TI learning (including acquisition). Ours are signifiant because they provide the first neurological investigation of implicit serial learning in a non-human primate that is not confounded by spatial or temporal cues. From a physiologist's perspective, areas LIP and SEF have been shown to encode both spatial and abstract qualities of visual stimuli. There is, however, no theoretical framework that integrates these different representations. We propose to test the idea that a virtual workspace may account for both spatial and non-spatial coding in LIP and SEF. Health Relatedness: These experiments are relevant to Schizophrenia, Autism, Alzheimer's disease, and other conditions whose patient populations have deficits in their performance of TI problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们提出了一种新的推理学习研究方法，通过研究猴子和人类在传递推理（TI）范式的训练过程中如何推断隐含的序列关系。 TI 意味着如果 A > B 且 B > C 就可以得出 A C 的结论。这种逻辑可以扩展到任意数量的项目，只要它们的关系遵循传递性。 TI 已被证明存在于鸽子、猴子和人类等多种物种中，并且被认为对于理解复杂的社会关系（例如统治等级制度）至关重要。 TI 对于理解序数关系也至关重要，根据定义，序数关系遵循传递性。线性空间关系也服从传递性（如果 A 在 B 的左侧，B 在 C 的左侧，则 A 在 C 的左侧）。因此，有人提出 TI 可能与虚拟工作空间中的空间表示有关。这个想法是，我们可以将有序列表中的相邻项目想象为占据一条假想线上的相邻位置。因此，看似抽象的序数关系实际上可能映射到现有的空间表示上。为了测试这一点，我们计划研究顶叶和前额叶皮层区域中新刺激之间顺序关系的学习和表示，这些区域被认为参与表示空间信息，特别是相对空间位置。这些是第一个研究行为层面内隐推理获取的实验，这些实验与在 TI 学习（包括获取）过程中对单个脑细胞活动的同步测量同步。我们的研究意义重大，因为它们首次对非人类灵长类动物的内隐串行学习进行了神经学研究，这种学习不受空间或时间线索的干扰。从生理学家的角度来看，LIP 和 SEF 区域已被证明可以编码视觉刺激的空间和抽象质量。然而，没有理论框架可以整合这些不同的表述。我们建议测试虚拟工作空间可以解释 LIP 和 SEF 中的空间和非空间编码的想法。健康相关性：这些实验与精神分裂症、自闭症、阿尔茨海默病以及其他患者群体在 TI 问题表现上存在缺陷的疾病相关。