Oxford Particle Physics Group Responsive RA Bid

牛津粒子物理组响应 RA 投标

• 批准号: ST/X00600X/1
• 负责人: Daniela Bortoletto
• 金额: $ 145.9万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX00600X%2F1
• 关键词: Oxford; Particle; Physics; Group; Responsive

Particle physics seeks to understand the Universe, its birth, evolution, and fate in terms of elementary particles (quarks, leptons), the fundamental forces (strong, electromagnetic, weak forces, gravity) and the particles that mediate them (photons, W/Z, gluons, gravitons) and the Higgs particle that gives elementary particles mass. The Standard Model, a theoretical framework developed in the last fifty years, elucidates almost all particle-physics data. But the model is incomplete. It explains what we encounter on Earth, but studies of the cosmos suggest the presence of mysterious dark matter that holds galaxies together and more mysterious dark energy that is driving galaxies apart at an ever-increasing rate. Oxford's research will significantly advance our understanding of the "new-physics" theory that will emerge to replace the Standard Model by providing the data to guide the theoretical work to develop it. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reproduces the conditions within a million millionth of a second of the Big Bang. Oxford plays a major role in ATLAS and LHCb. These experiments have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of the Universe completely. In ATLAS, Oxford physicists participated in the exciting discovery of the "Higgs particle", which gives mass to elementary particles. The Higgs particle is like a curtain; now that we have found it, we can draw back the curtain to see a new world. Accordingly, we are studying it in great detail. We are also searching for new particles that would provide a solution to "dark-matter" which makes up about 80% of matter in the Universe. Oxford physicists on LHCb strive to better understand the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe by studying subtle differences in the behaviour of quarks & antiquarks - "CP-violation". This asymmetry permits us to exist. LHC Run 3 is just started. Increased data and improved detectors and triggers will enhance the discovery potential of both ATLAS and LHCb. We participate in high-precision experiments complementary to the large experiments at the LHC. Mu3e searches for new physics mediated by very heavy particles that would not be visible at the LHC but are expected in many theoretical models, including SUSY. Mu3 is set to have its maiden run in 2024. The exploitation possibilities open by this run will improve sensitivity to many new physics scenarios with respect to previous experiments. LZ addresses one of the most critical questions in particle physics & cosmology by searching for dark matter. Exploiting the largest dark matter detector of its kind, the LZ collaboration recently presented its first science results on July 7, 2022. In Oxford, the LZ group is developing novel selection criteria that will enable exploring regions of dark matter phase space currently unexplored.In summary, ATLAS, LHCb, Mu3e, and LZ are taking or expecting to take data imminently. Therefore, these are unique and exciting times for Particle Physics at Oxford.

粒子物理学试图从基本粒子（夸克、轻子）、基本力（强力、电磁力、弱力、引力）以及介导它们的粒子（光子、W/ Z、胶子、引力子）和赋予基本粒子质量的希格斯粒子。标准模型是过去五十年发展起来的理论框架，阐明了几乎所有粒子物理数据。但该模型并不完整。它解释了我们在地球上遇到的情况，但对宇宙的研究表明，存在将星系聚集在一起的神秘暗物质，以及更神秘的暗能量，它们以不断增加的速度驱使星系分开。牛津大学的研究将通过提供数据来指导理论工作的发展，从而显着增进我们对“新物理学”理论的理解，该理论将取代标准模型。大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 再现了大爆炸百万分之一秒内的情况。牛津在 ATLAS 和 LHCb 中发挥着重要作用。这些实验有可能彻底改变我们对宇宙的理解。在 ATLAS 中，牛津物理学家参与了“希格斯粒子”的激动人心的发现，该粒子为基本粒子提供了质量。希格斯粒子就像幕布；既然我们找到了它，我们就可以拉开帷幕，看到一个新世界。因此，我们正在对其进行非常详细的研究。我们还在寻找新粒子，为“暗物质”提供解决方案，“暗物质”约占宇宙物质的 80%。 LHCb 上的牛津物理学家致力于通过研究夸克和反夸克行为的细微差异（“CP 破坏”）来更好地了解宇宙中物质与反物质不对称的起源。这种不对称性使我们得以存在。 LHC Run 3 刚刚开始。增加的数据以及改进的探测器和触发器将增强 ATLAS 和 LHCb 的发现潜力。我们参与与大型强子对撞机大型实验互补的高精度实验。 Mu3e 寻找由重粒子介导的新物理，这些粒子在大型强子对撞机上看不到，但在包括 SUSY 在内的许多理论模型中都可以看到。 Mu3 将于 2024 年首次运行。与之前的实验相比，这次运行所带来的利用可能性将提高对许多新物理场景的敏感性。 LZ 通过寻找暗物质解决了粒子物理学和宇宙学中最关键的问题之一。利用同类中最大的暗物质探测器，LZ 合作小组最近于 2022 年 7 月 7 日公布了其第一个科学成果。在牛津，LZ 小组正在开发新颖的选择标准，该标准将能够探索目前尚未探索的暗物质相空间区域。总结一下，ATLAS、LHCb、Mu3e 和 LZ 正在获取或预计即将获取数据。因此，对于牛津大学的粒子物理学来说，这是一个独特而激动人心的时刻。