Particle Physics Experimental Consolidated Grant (2019-2022)

粒子物理实验综合资助（2019-2022）

基本信息

批准号：
ST/S000925/1
负责人：
Stefan Soldner-Rembold
金额：
$ 583.59万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS000925%2F1
关键词：
Particle Physics Experimental Consolidated Grant

项目摘要

The Particle Physics Group at Manchester studies fundamental particles and their interactions, with experiments based at major international research centres. This research is performed in international collaborations and covers all aspects of experimental particle physics: the development of novel detector concepts; the design, construction and operation of large experiments; and the analysis of data.The Particle Physics Group plays a leading role on two of the main experiments at tbe Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which produces proton-proton collisions at the highest energies currently accessible in accelerators. On the ATLAS and LHCb experiments, we test the Standard Model of Particle Physics with unprecedented precision and search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. These studies include measurements of the properties of the strong and electroweak interactions. We also study the properties of the Higgs boson, which was originally discovered at the LHC. Another focus of our research at ATLAS is the study of the properties of the heaviest of all known quarks, the top quark, where the Manchester Particle Physics Group has many years of experience. The LHCb experiment is designed to study the properties of particles that are built from the heavy bottom and charm quarks. Detailed studies of their production and decays provide a window to new physics and allow us to study fundamental questions such as the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry. We are also active on preparing future upgrades to both the ATLAS and LHCb experiments, which will allow their discovery reach to be significantly extended.The Muon g-2 experiment at will examine the precession of muons that are subjected to a magnetic field. The main goal is to test the Standard Model's predictions of this value by measuring the precession rate to a precision of 0.14 parts per million. If there is an inconsistency, it could indicate the Standard Model is incomplete. The goal of the Mu2e experiment is to find conversions of muons into electrons without the emission of neutrinos. Understanding the properties of the elusive neutrino is another priority of our research programme. With the SuperNEMO detector, located in the Modane Underground Laboratory, we search for neutrinoless double beta decay, a process that has never been observed before. Its observation would indicate that neutrinos are their own antiparticles and it will provide a measurement of the neutrino mass. A different kind of experiment, DUNE, will use a novel technology based on liquid argon to detect neutrinos that have been sent through the Earth, in a beam pointing from Fermilab in Chicago to a mine in South Dakota. The goal of this experiment is to learn whether neutrinos violate the fundamental symmetry between matter and antimatter. The experiment could also detect large numbers of neutrinos from a supernova explosion. A similar kind of experiment (SBND/MicroBooNE) uses neutrinos close to the source at Fermilab to search for 'sterile' neutrinos that do not interact via any of the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model except gravity.Modern Particle Physics experiments contain sophisticated technology to detect particles. The Manchester Group leads an extensive reasearch programme on developing novel detection devices, such as 3-dimensional silicon detectors and diamond detectors. These novel technologies have many potential applications beyond Particle Physics research, in areas such as medical physics and security applications. Particle Physics experimentation requires the reconstruction and analysis of large, complex data sets. We operate a large computing facility which supports data analysis for several of these large projects. We develop and apply sophisticated analysis techniques to large data sets.Finally, through our outreach programme, we communicate the results of our research to the public through the media, public lectures and masterclasses.

曼彻斯特的粒子物理小组通过主要国际研究中心的实验研究基本粒子及其相互作用。这项研究是在国际合作中进行的，涵盖了实验粒子物理的各个方面：新型探测器概念的开发；大型实验的设计、搭建和运行；粒子物理小组在大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 的两项主要实验中发挥主导作用，该实验以目前加速器可达到的最高能量产生质子-质子碰撞。在 ATLAS 和 LHCb 实验中，我们以前所未有的精度测试了粒子物理标准模型，并寻找标准模型之外的新物理。这些研究包括强相互作用和电弱相互作用特性的测量。我们还研究了最初在大型强子对撞机中发现的希格斯玻色子的特性。我们 ATLAS 研究的另一个重点是研究所有已知夸克中最重的夸克（顶夸克）的性质，曼彻斯特粒子物理小组在这方面拥有多年的经验。 LHCb 实验旨在研究由重底夸克和粲夸克构成的粒子的特性。对它们的产生和衰变的详细研究为新物理学提供了一个窗口，并使我们能够研究诸如物质-反物质不对称性的起源等基本问题。我们还积极准备 ATLAS 和 LHCb 实验的未来升级，这将使它们的发现范围显着扩大。 Muon g-2 实验将检查受到磁场作用的 μ 子的进动。主要目标是通过测量进动率至百万分之 0.14 的精度来测试标准模型对此值的预测。如果存在不一致，则可能表明标准模型不完整。 Mu2e 实验的目标是找到 μ 子转化为电子而不发射中微子的过程。了解难以捉摸的中微子的特性是我们研究计划的另一个优先事项。利用位于 Modane 地下实验室的 SuperNEMO 探测器，我们寻找无中微子双 β 衰变，这是一个以前从未观察到的过程。它的观测表明中微子是它们自己的反粒子，并且它将提供中微子质量的测量。另一种不同类型的实验“DUNE”将使用一种基于液氩的新技术来检测穿过地球的中微子，光束从芝加哥费米实验室指向南达科他州的一个矿井。该实验的目的是了解中微子是否违反物质和反物质之间的基本对称性。该实验还可以检测到超新星爆炸产生的大量中微子。类似的实验（SBND/MicroBooNE）使用费米实验室靠近源的中微子来寻找“惰性”中微子，这些中微子不会通过标准模型的任何基本相互作用（除了重力）进行相互作用。现代粒子物理实验包含复杂的技术检测粒子。曼彻斯特集团领导了一项广泛的研究计划，开发新型检测设备，例如 3 维硅探测器和钻石探测器。这些新技术在粒子物理研究之外，在医学物理和安全应用等领域还有许多潜在的应用。粒子物理实验需要重建和分析大型、复杂的数据集。我们运营着一个大型计算设施，支持其中几个大型项目的数据分析。我们开发复杂的分析技术并将其应用于大型数据集。最后，通过我们的外展计划，我们通过媒体、公开讲座和大师班向公众传达我们的研究结果。