FOOD, SEX, AND TIME IN A SMALL MAMMAL

小型哺乳动物的食物、性和时间

• 批准号: 6301681
• 负责人: GLENN H PERRIGO
• 金额: $ 6.34万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY-KINGSVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-01-01 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6301681
• 关键词: Mammalia; aging; animal developmental psychology; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; bioenergetics; biological clocks; bioperiodicity; circadian rhythms; dark adaptation; ethology; gender difference; laboratory mouse; life cycle; light adaptations; longevity; longitudinal animal study; nutrient intake activity; nutrition related tag; reproductive development; sex behavior

Food, sex and time are the three most important variables in the life of any organism, especially mammals. Food provides the energy for somatic growth and reproduction, while light-dark cues organize daily and seasonal patterns of feeding, breeding, metabolism and activity. Even in humans, proper light/dark cues are essential for maintaining circadian rhythms. In fact, the disruption of biological rhythms, whether ultradian, circadian, or infradian, may be related to a wide range of psychiatric and somatic pathophysiologies, especially in females, where the interaction of light and food is critical to regular ovulation. This interaction is easily studied in small mammals who typically exhibit a 4-6 day estrous cycle- both proper time cues and correct nutrition are necessary for ovulation and behavioral estrum. House mice (Mus musculus) are excellent models for studying fertility and sex differences. Thus, the first goal of this proposal is to establish a unique research program to study how circadian rhythms act as permissive organizing forces in the complete life cycle of a small mammal, particular in relation to puberty, reproduction and senescence. A second research goal is to study the relationship between circadian rhythms and food energy to understand how these interacting factors impinge on growth and aging within both sexes. Furthermore, since regular ovulation is the best indicator of somatic and reproductive health in a female mammal, changes in the estrous cycle and, hence, the frequency of ovulation will be a key measurement here. The chronology of growth, development, reproduction and senescence in male and female house mice, from conception to death, will be investigated at these conditions: 1) at non-24 hour days (tau-cycles) in which the circadian clock is either entrained to extreme 21 hour of 27 hour days, or disrupted by non- entrainable 19 hour light/dark cycles; 2) at high versus low fat diets; and, 3) in a caging system where animals are challenged to work for their food calories by exercising on a running wheel. The results of each experiment will suggest which interactions among food, sex, and circadian time have the most influence on health and longevity.

食物，性和时间是生命中最重要的三个最重要的变量 任何有机体，尤其是哺乳动物。食物为体细胞提供了能量 生长和繁殖，而浅黑暗提示每天和季节性组织 进食，繁殖，代谢和活动的模式。即使在人类中， 适当的光/黑暗提示对于维持昼夜节律至关重要。在 事实，生物节奏的破坏，无论是超级，昼夜的， 或基础式，可能与多种精神病学和躯体有关 病理生理，尤其是在女性中，在女性中相互作用 食物对于常规排卵至关重要。这种互动很容易 在通常表现出4-6天的发情周期的小型哺乳动物中研究 适当的时间提示和正确的营养对于排卵都是必要的 和行为偏心。房屋老鼠（Mus musculus）是极好的模型 研究生育能力和性别差异。因此，这个目标的第一个目标 建议是建立一个独特的研究计划，以研究昼夜节律 节奏在完整的生命周期中充当允许的组织力量 小型哺乳动物，尤其是在青春期，繁殖和 衰老。第二个研究目标是研究 昼夜节律和粮食能量，以了解这些相互作用 两性内的增长和衰老的因素。此外，从那以后 常规排卵是躯体和生殖健康的最佳指标 在女性哺乳动物中，发情周期的变化，因此频率 排卵将是这里的关键测量。增长的年表， 雄性和雌性小鼠的发育，繁殖和衰老， 从概念到死亡，将在这些条件下进行研究：1） 昼夜节律的非24小时（tau-cycles） 被束缚于27小时的极端21小时，或者被非 - 可夹住的19小时灯/黑暗周期； 2）在高脂肪饮食和低脂饮食中； 3）在笼子系统中挑战动物为其工作的挑战 通过在跑步轮上锻炼的食物卡路里。每个结果 实验将表明食物，性别和昼夜节律之间的哪些相互作用 时间对健康和长寿影响最大。