RISK FACTORS FOR ALCOHOLISM IN NATIVE AMERICANS

美洲原住民酗酒的危险因素

• 批准号: 6052971
• 负责人: CINDY L EHLERS
• 金额: $ 51.2万
• 依托单位: SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-26 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6052971
• 关键词: Native Americans; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; aldehyde dehydrogenases; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; biomarker; blood tests; clinical research; cortisol; disease /disorder proneness /risk; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; family genetics; genotype; heart rate; human middle age (35-64); human subject; isozymes; mental disorder diagnosis; middle childhood (6-11); racial /ethnic difference; visual stimulus; young adult human (21-34)

Certain tribes of Native Americans have very high rates of alcoholism and other alcohol related disease when compared to Euroamericans, African Americans, and Asian American samples. These ethnic differences in rates of alcoholism are thought to reflect a combination of sociocultural and biological factors. Within the biological realm few studies have evaluated whether ethnic and/or racial diversities exist in physiological markers of alcoholism risk. Recent data do suggest that there is genetic diversity in biologic sensitivity to alcohol among ethnic groups. The source of the differences in alcohol sensitivity results, in part, from genetic differences in metabolic factors, i.e., polymorphisms of the genes that regulate alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), as well as inborn differences in brain cellular responses to alcohol. The overall objective of the proposed studies is to extend our previous investigations, which evaluated risk factors for the development of alcoholism as well as biological responses to alcohol and placebo challenge. Our studies suggest that Native American men have a quantitatively different response to alcohol than Euro- American and Asian American men using subjective (feelings of intoxication) as well as objective (EEGs, ERPs, cardiovascular responsivity, hormone levels) measures of intoxication. We believe that this diversity in level of response to alcohol may, in part, account for their increased risk for the development of alcoholism. In order to explore this further, these studies will be extended to Native American women age 18-25 years who will be tested for biologic response to alcohol and placebo using a modification of the same alcohol challenge protocol from our previous studies. Our preliminary studies in Native Americans ages 8-11 years will also be extended in order to determine whether specific risk factors might be present in young boys and girls prior to any alcohol exposure. A follow-up study of both the children and young adults will be carried out to deter-mine if factors identified at the initial interview are predictive of the development of alcohol- related life problems. Additionally, 18-50 year old Native American adult sibling-pairs and family members with and without alcohol dependence will be assessed using a structured diagnostic interview (SSAGA). These assessments will serve as the basis for future genetic analyses. These studies have the potential to verify whether Native Americans have any specific biological or behavioral factors that may help to explain the high risk for alcoholism within the tribes evaluated. The identification of such variables may potentially be useful in the development of specific prevention and treatment programs for this population as well as other Native American tribes.

与欧裔美国人、非裔美国人和亚裔美国人样本相比，某些美洲原住民部落的酗酒和其他酒精相关疾病的发病率非常高。酗酒率的这些种族差异被认为反映了社会文化和生物因素的结合。在生物学领域内，很少有研究评估酗酒风险的生理标志中是否存在民族和/或种族多样性。 最近的数据确实表明，不同种族群体对酒精的生物敏感性存在遗传多样性。酒精敏感性差异的部分原因是代谢因素的遗传差异，即调节乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）和乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）的基因多态性，以及脑细胞对酒精反应的先天差异。酒精。 拟议研究的总体目标是扩展我们之前的研究，这些研究评估了酗酒发生的危险因素以及对酒精和安慰剂挑战的生物反应。 我们的研究表明，使用主观（中毒感觉）和客观（脑电图、ERP、心血管反应性、激素水平）中毒指标，美洲原住民男性对酒精的反应与欧美和亚裔美国男性存在数量上的不同。 我们认为，这种对酒精反应水平的多样性可能在一定程度上解释了他们患上酗酒的风险增加的原因。 为了进一步探索这一点，这些研究将扩展到 18-25 岁的美国原住民女性，这些女性将使用我们之前研究中相同酒精挑战方案的修改版来测试她们对酒精和安慰剂的生物反应。 我们对 8-11 岁美洲原住民的初步研究也将得到扩展，以确定年轻男孩和女孩在接触酒精之前是否可能存在特定的危险因素。 将对儿童和年轻人进行后续研究，以确定在初次访谈中确定的因素是否可以预测与酒精相关的生活问题的发展。 此外，将使用结构化诊断访谈 (SSAGA) 对有或没有酒精依赖的 18-50 岁美国原住民成年兄弟姐妹和家庭成员进行评估。 这些评估将作为未来遗传分析的基础。这些研究有可能验证美洲原住民是否有任何特定的生物或行为因素，这些因素可能有助于解释所评估的部落中酗酒的高风险。 这些变量的识别可能有助于为该人群以及其他美洲原住民部落制定具体的预防和治疗计划。